Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacology
Several classes of drugs are prescribed to treat pulmonary disorders. These include antibiotics, which are used to treat respiratory infections, and bronchodilators, which are especially effective in treating COPD and exercise-induced asthma. (See Table 7-2.) Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are important in the control and management of many pulmonary disorders.
______
Destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of their metabolic processes
azithromycin
ā-ZĬTH-rō-mī-sĭn
Zithromax
amoxicillin clavulanate
ă-MŎX-ĭ-cĭl-ĭn clă-vū-LĂN-āt
Augmentin
antibiotics
ăn-tĭ-bī- ĂW-tĭks
_______
Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues
Histamines cause sneezing, runny nose, itchiness, and rashes. Antihistamines are commonly combined with decongestants, antitussives, or analgesics for cold and flu symptom relief.
fexofenadine
fĕk-sō-FĔN-ă-dēn
Allegra
loratadine
lor- ĂH-tă-dēn
Claritin
antihistamines
_______
Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the ______ of the brain. They alleviate nonproductive dry coughs and should not be used with____ coughs.
hydrocodone*,
dextromethorphan,
Delsym
antitussives
Medulla
Productive
_______
Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased airflow
,help treat chronic symptoms and prevent acute attacks in respiratory diseases, such as asthma and COPD, and may be delivered by an inhaler, orally, or intravenously. Because they are commonly used in conjunction with corticosteroids, combination products are available.
albuterol
Proventil, Ventolin
salmeterol
Serevent
budesonide/formoterol
Symbicort
bronchodilators
_________steroids
Act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions
, available as nasal sprays, in metered-dose inhalers (inhaled steroids), and in oral forms (pills or syrups) to treat chronic lung conditions, such as asthma and COPD.
beclomethasone
Qvar (metered-dose inhaler)
mometasone
Nasonex (nasal spray)
Cortico
______
Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways
, commonly prescribed for allergies and colds and are usually combined with antihistamines in cold remedies. They can be administered orally or topically as nasal sprays and nasal drops.
oxymetazoline
Afrin (available for nasal instillation only)
pseudoephedrine
Sudafed (oral product)
decongestants
_____
Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes, prescribed for productive coughs.
Robitussin, Mucinex
expectorants
ABG arterial blood gas(es) HMD hyaline membrane disease
AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome MDI metered-dose inhaler
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome NMT nebulized mist treatment
CF cystic fibrosis O2 oxygen
CO2 carbon dioxide OSA obstructive sleep apnea
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pco2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide
CPAP continuous positive airway pressure PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia; primary care physician
CT computed tomography PFT pulmonary function test
CTPA computed tomography pulmonary angiography pH degree of acidity or alkalinity
CXR chest x-ray, chest radiograph Po2 partial pressure of oxygen
DPI dry powder inhaler PPD purified protein derivative
DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus SIDS sudden infant death syndrome
DVT deep vein thrombosis SOB shortness of breath
EEG electroencephalogram TB tuberculosis
Hb, Hgb hemoglobin URI upper respiratory infection
