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MRCP - Part 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What S/E does lithium commonly cause

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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2
Q

What main S/E does carbamazepine cause and what are other S/Es

A

SIADH
N + V
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Headache

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3
Q

How is nifedipine metabolised

A

CYP3A4 cytochrome P450 isoenzyme

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4
Q

What type of juice is contraindicated in drugs metabolised by the CYP34A P450 isoenzyme (such as nifedipine and simvastatin)

A

Grapefruit juice
It inhibits the enzyme

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5
Q

What is the pharmacological mechanism of tolterodine and what is this drug used for

A

Bladder instability
Muscarinic antagonist

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6
Q

What is the action of celecoxib and when would an example of this be used

A

Sodium retention by inhibiting secretion
Reduces risk of heterotopic ossification in patients post fracture and surgical fixation

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7
Q

Primary action of allopurinol

A

Inhibits urate production

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8
Q

In the context of a drug overdose, what does activated charcoal do

A

Reduce further absorption of overdosed substances

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9
Q

What strongly indicates a need for repeated oral activated charcoal administration

A

In cases where the drug circulates through the enterohepatic circulation

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10
Q

Major pharmacological mode of aspirin

A

cycloxygenase 1 and 2 inhibition

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11
Q

Causes of drug induced lupus

A

Hydralazine
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Ethosuximide

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12
Q

What can reduce the chance of tumour lysis syndrome pre chemotherapy

A

Pre hydration
Allopurinol or rasburicase (latter in high risk patients)

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13
Q

Treatment of mycoplasma

A

Clarithromycin
Doxycycline

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14
Q

Action of haloperidol

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

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15
Q

Drugs that act at the chemoreceptor trigger zone

A

Haloperidol
Promethazine
Domperidone

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of cyclizine

A

Blocks cholinergic pathways

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17
Q

S/e carbimazole

A

Nausea
Rash / Itchiness
Arthalgia
Alopecia
Agranulocytosis
Jaundice

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18
Q

What is carbimazole used to treat

A

Hyperthyroidism

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19
Q

Mechanism of action of terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome

A

Decreases plasma renin activity

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20
Q

Features of phenytoin pharmacology

A

Has very high protein binding
(phenytoin levels measure both free and protein binded levels)
So is subject to slow elimination of the drug

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21
Q

Features of ethambutol toxicity

A

Hyperuricaemia
Visual disturbance (optic neuropathy - fundoscopy often normal)

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22
Q

What is indometacin

A

NSAID

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23
Q

What liver picture can augmentin cause

A

Obstructive

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24
Q

Treatment of hypertensive crisis

A

IV sodium nitroprusside

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25
S/Es of long term use of phenyotin
Gum hypertrophy Folate deficiency Osteomalacia Coarse facial features Neuropathy Aplastic anaemia (rarely)
26
Features of theophylline toxicity
Severe N + V Seizures Myoclonus Hyperthermia Rhabdomyolysis AKI
27
S/E metoclopramide
Extrapyramidal effects (especially in children and young adults) Hyperprolactinaemia Tardive dyskinesia Drowsiness Restlessness Diarrhoea Depression Neuroepileptic malignant syndrome Rashes Puritis Oedema
28
Drug causes of galactorrhoea
Metoclopramide Chlorpromazine Haloperidol a-methyldopa Opioids Fluoxetine Ranitidine
29
Effects of rifampicin on INR and how
Lowers INR Powerful enzyme inducer
30
Drugs that cause an increased INR
Ciprofloxacin Metronidazole Allopurinol Cimetidine
31
What chemotherapy agents are known to promote the effects of radiation therapy
Dactinomycin Metronidazole 5-fluorouracil Gemcitabine Cisplatin Hydroxyurea Paclitaxel Mitomycin C Topotecan
32
Treatment of bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Co-amoxiclav
33
How does azathioprine work
Inhibits purine synthase Suppresses lymphocyte numbers and function
34
Drug interactions with statins
Macrolides Antacid Antifungals Cyclosporin Nicotinic acid Fibrate therapy
35
Against which receptor does rituximab have its main activity
CD20
36
Antibiotics that work by disruption of bacterial wall synthesis or intergrity
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Vancomycin
37
Antibiotics that work by disruption of bacterial ribosome function
Tetracyclines Gentamicin Erythromycin Clarithromycin Clindamycin Chloramphenicol
38
Antibiotics that work by disruption of nucleic acid synthesis
Folate synthesis - TMP and sulfoxamethazole Ciprofloxacin Rifampicin (RNA polymerase)
39
Causes of drug induced hepatitis
Fenofibrate Methyldopa Carbamazepine Nitrofurantoin Isoniazid
40
Treatment of enteomeaba histolytica
Metronidazole
41
S/Es ciclosporin
Hyperuricaemia Hypertrichosis Gum hypertrophy
42
Mechanism of action of warfarin
Vitamin K antagonist
43
How does LMWH work
Activates antithrombin III which binds to and inhibits factor Xa
44
How does dalbigatran work
Direct thrombin inhibitor
45
How does rivaroxaban / edoxaban / apixaban work
Inhibits activated factor Xa
46
anti-emetic to be used in intracranail disease
cyclizine
47
anti-emetic to be used in vestibular / movement induced vomiting
cyclizine
48
anti emetic used in gastric stasis
metoclopramide
49
anti emetic used in drug induced vomiting
haloperidol
50
anti emetic used in metabolic induced vomiting
haloperidol
51
anti emetic to be used in pregnancy
Promethazine
52
Treatment of beta blocker overdose
Consider activated charcoal if wihtin one hour IV sodium bicarb if - QRS > 120 - Hypotension not responsive to fluids IV glucagon in scenarios where refractory to fluid resuscitation and atropine
53
Features of cyanide poisoning
Cherry red skin Bitter almond odour on breath
54
Treatment of mild cyanide poisoning
IV sodium thiosulphate
55
Treatment of moderate cyanide poisoning
IV hydroxoycobalamin
56
Treatment of severe cyanide poisoning
IV hydroxycobalamin +/- IV sodium thiosulphate
57
Treatment of ethylene glycol ingestion
fomepizole or ethanol
58
S/E amiodarone
Photodermatitis Greyish blue discolouration on sun exposed areas Hypo or hyperthyroidism
59
S/E ciclosporin
Chronic interstitial nephritis
60
Mechanism of action of flecanide
Slows the upstroke of the action potential
61
How does tamoxifen work
Functions as a selective oestrogen receptor modulator
62
S/Es rifampicin
N + V / diarrhoea Loss of apetitie Bodily fluids turn orange
63
S/Es isoniazid
Transaminitis Peripheral neuropathy
64
Which anti-TB drugs increase the risk of gout
Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
65
Mechanism of action of clopidogrel
ADP receptor inhibitor
66
Mechanism of action of Dipyridamole
Phosphodiresterase inhibitor
67
1st line treatment for both acute and chronic schizophrenia
Risperidone
68

MRCP - Part 1 (20 decks)

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