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MRCP - Part 1 > Miscellanous / DNA / Biology > Flashcards

Miscellanous / DNA / Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the two strands of DNA held together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

Where is DNA stored?

A

In the nucleus of each cell, known as the chromosome

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3
Q

Numerous coils of DNA are held together by what?

A

A protein called histone

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4
Q

DNA can be read and translated into what?

A

A protein e.g. an enzyme which has a function

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5
Q

3 elements that make up a strand of DNA

A

Phosphate group
Sugar group
Nitrogenous base

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6
Q

4 different types of nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

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7
Q

What structure does DNA have

A

Double helix structure

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8
Q

DNA function

A

Replication and transcription for proteins
Provide the instruction for the formation of proteins

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9
Q

Process of formation of proteins

A
  1. transcription
  2. translation
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10
Q

DNA within the nucelus of cells is condensed to form what

A

Chromosomes

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11
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?

A

23

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12
Q

Where fluid sits in the body

A

2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular

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13
Q

What could fluid overload be a sign of?

A

Heart failure
Kidney failure

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14
Q

Ideal UO

A

> 0.5 ml/kg/hr

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15
Q

Normal daily fluid requirments

A

25-30ml/kg/day

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16
Q

Treatment of opiod misuse

A

Naloxone

17
Q

Where does pre-MRNA slicing take place?

A

in the nucleus

18
Q

What is the best way to determine the 3D structure of a particular protein

A

X ray Crystallography

19
Q

Mechanism of cough secondary to rampiril

A

Increased bradykinin

20
Q

6 week transplant rejection, mechanism of rejection

A

Donor dendritic cells acting as antigen presenting cells

21
Q

What type of cell is a specialist antigen presenting cell and who does it present to

A

Macrophage
Presents antigens to T helper cells

22
Q

What is thought to be a key factor in hepatotoxicity assosiated with sodium valproate

A

Mitochondrial dysfunction

23
Q

Where is the thyroid hormone receptor located

A

Nucleus

24
Q

What does splicing remove

A

Introns

25
Q
A

MRCP - Part 1 (20 decks)

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