Miscellanous / DNA / Biology Flashcards
What is the two strands of DNA held together by?
Hydrogen bonds
Where is DNA stored?
In the nucleus of each cell, known as the chromosome
Numerous coils of DNA are held together by what?
A protein called histone
DNA can be read and translated into what?
A protein e.g. an enzyme which has a function
3 elements that make up a strand of DNA
Phosphate group
Sugar group
Nitrogenous base
4 different types of nitrogenous bases
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
What structure does DNA have
Double helix structure
DNA function
Replication and transcription for proteins
Provide the instruction for the formation of proteins
Process of formation of proteins
- transcription
- translation
DNA within the nucelus of cells is condensed to form what
Chromosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?
23
Where fluid sits in the body
2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular
What could fluid overload be a sign of?
Heart failure
Kidney failure
Ideal UO
> 0.5 ml/kg/hr
Normal daily fluid requirments
25-30ml/kg/day
Treatment of opiod misuse
Naloxone
Where does pre-MRNA slicing take place?
in the nucleus
What is the best way to determine the 3D structure of a particular protein
X ray Crystallography
Mechanism of cough secondary to rampiril
Increased bradykinin
6 week transplant rejection, mechanism of rejection
Donor dendritic cells acting as antigen presenting cells
What type of cell is a specialist antigen presenting cell and who does it present to
Macrophage
Presents antigens to T helper cells
What is thought to be a key factor in hepatotoxicity assosiated with sodium valproate
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Where is the thyroid hormone receptor located
Nucleus
What does splicing remove
Introns
What does PCR do
Rapid and versatile method for amplyifying defined target DNA sequences
What is the ELISA used for
evaluate/examine for the presence of peptides/antibodies
