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Mod 6 Finals > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

RENAL/URINARY SYSTEM

A
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2
Q

the nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney

A

true

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3
Q

urinary acidifiers can be given to help with which type of crystal/urolith?

A

struvite

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4
Q

proin

A

phenylpropanolamine

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5
Q

lasix

A

furosemide

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6
Q

minpress

A

prazosin

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7
Q

enacard

A

enalapril

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8
Q

buscopan

A

butylhyoscine

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9
Q

which of the following diuretic families should not be used in pregnant animals as it crosses the placental border?

A

thiazide diuretics

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10
Q

hypernatremia can sometimes be seen with long-term use of potassium sparing diuretics

A

false

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11
Q

which of the following is not a catecholamine?

A

aldosterone

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12
Q

epakatin is made from the shells of shrimp and crabs

A

true

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13
Q

a regenerative anemia can occur when the kidneys are compromised bc erythropoietin production is also compromised

A

false

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14
Q

what converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

A

ACE

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15
Q

_____ are drugs used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

A

diuretics

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16
Q

which of the following drugs is most commonly used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs?

A

phenylprpanolamine

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17
Q

where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron?

A

ascending loop of henle

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18
Q

which of the following diuretic classes can also be used to treat glaucoma bc it reduces the production of aqueous humor?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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19
Q

catecholamines are made by what/

A

adrenal glands

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20
Q

which of the following drugs can be given to cats that have a hypertonus urethra sphincter to aide in relaxing the internal sphincter tone?

A

prazosin

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21
Q

hyponatremia is decreased sodium levels

A

true

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22
Q

baclofen is a very safe drug that can be used to treat urinary retention in dogs since it has a wide margin of safety

A

false

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23
Q

uremic patients require higher dosages of nephrotoxic medications since nephron is not working at normal capacity so more of the drug needs to be administered to reach therapeutic lvls

A

false

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24
Q

a vet prescribes erythropoietin for use in a dog with terminal renal failure. Why was this drug prescribed?

A

for its ability to stimulate red blood cell production and release

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25
Q

which of the following drug families can cause decreased GI motility and decreased gastric emptying, which can lead to decreased absorption of certain medications

A

anticholinergic drugs

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26
Q

which of the following drug classes can be used to treat urinary incontinence by promoting urinary retention within the bladder?

A

anticholinergic drugs

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27
Q

if kidney function is compromised, erythropoietin production is ___

A

decreased

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28
Q

anticholinergic drugs cause muscle _____

A

relaxation

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29
Q

which of the following drugs is antidotal to the adverse reactions of cholinergic drugs?

A

atropine

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30
Q

which type of diuretic would you give to a patient that was hit by a car and now has increased CSF pressure?

A

osmotic diuretics

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31
Q

which of the following is an example of a urinary alkalizer?

A

potassium citrate

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32
Q

loop diuretics inhibit the tubular reabsorption of___-

A

sodium

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33
Q

adrenaline is another name for epinephrine

A

true

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34
Q

which of the following is an example of an osmotic diuretic?

A

mannitol 20%

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35
Q

which of the following drugs is an example of a potassium sparing diuretic?

A

spironolactone

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36
Q

NEUROLOGY

A
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37
Q

fentanyl transdermal patches

A

are dosed according to surface area of the patch

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38
Q

all of the following drugs are antagonsits and are used to reverse the effects of another drug, except

A

anased

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39
Q

what is the general role of the neurotransmitter serotonin?

A

mood determinant

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40
Q

what is the treamtent of choice when an animal is experiencing serotinin syndrome?

A

cyproheptadine

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41
Q

drugs that are “lyse” anxiety or decrease fear responses are called

A

anxiolytic drugs

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42
Q

in which of the following circumstances should a thiobarbiturate (Thiopental) drug be avoided?

A

in sight hounds, or very thin patients

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43
Q

fentanyl

A

has a shorter duraiton of action than morphine

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44
Q

you have a very painful dog that was presented to your clinic, the DVM on duty decides to give the dog fentanyl. How long will this IV injection last?

A

20-30 minutes

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45
Q

which of the following is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer?

A

midazolam

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46
Q

Acepromazine is a commonly used phenothiazine tranquilizer used often as a premedication in preparation for general anesthesia induction. Which of the following adverse effects has been discounted recently in regards to veterinary use?

A

reduce the seizure threshold in dogs

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47
Q

three classes of antidepressant drugs used in human beings have also found use in vet med include all except

A

gamma aminobutyric acid

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48
Q

which of the opioids is considered the standard to which all other opioids are compared in terms of analgesic effects, which are resulting from its primary activity at the mu receptor?

A

fentanyl

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49
Q

seizures generally originate from the brain but seizure activity can also arise from other causes. Vet techs should always consider these other sources except

A

hypothermia

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50
Q

_____ is the naturally derived opiate drug that is used primarily for its pain alleviating properties

A

mophine

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51
Q

of the following, which is correct when considering topical or transdermal fentanyl delivery to vet patients

A

fentanyl patches may not begin working for 8-12 hours and other analgesia may be needed during that time frame

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52
Q

which of these statements about phenobarbital is true

A

phenobarbital may cause idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity

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53
Q

another name for a pain receptor is

A

nociceptor

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54
Q

several opioids such as butorphanol and buprenorphine exhibit a limited effect of analegsia regardless of the dose that is administered. This is a phenomenon called the ____ effect

A

ceiling

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55
Q

which of the following choices is not an example of an alpha-2 agonist?

A

antisedan

56
Q

which of the following is a property of potassium bromide

A

vomiting is a common side effect

57
Q

there are several mechanisms of action for behavior- modifying drugs used in vet med. which of the following is not considered one of these mechanisms

A

stimulate euphoria by binding to the mu opioid receptor

58
Q

on an animal that is not responding particularly well to phenobarbital or the phenobarbital/bromide combination for long-term seizure control, all of the following drugs might be tried except

A

clomicalm

59
Q

in addition to treating behavioral problems, selegiline is also used to treat this condition in dogs

A

cushings’s disease

60
Q

When a painful injury occurs, it’s not just those tissues that are directly damaged that stimulate pain receptors. Over time nearby cells become excessively sensitized and therefore are easily stimulated to detect pain. The resulting throbbing pain found areas near an injury are because of tissue ______________.

A

hyperalgesia

61
Q

an uncommonly used unit of measurement that is often used in conjuction with barbiturates is the grain. What is the approximate size in milligrams of a 2-grain phenobarbital tablet

A

120 mg

62
Q

when discussing the subject of patient pain relief, it is important to understand teh difference between analgesia and anesthesia. Analgesia involves the loss of _____, while anesthesia involves loss of

A

pain, consciousness or sensation

63
Q

which of the following is an oral barbiturate that has been used as the drug of choice to manage seizure patients for several years

A

phenobarbital

64
Q

which of teh following is an example of a CNS stimulant that is no longer as a respiratory stimulant in neonates

A

doxapram

65
Q

plasma phenobarbital concentrations achieved with any given dose vary considerably from patient to patiient. therefore, the only way to ensure a dosage regimen is adequate is to

A

check blood levels of phenobarbital

66
Q

side effects of using phenobarbital to control seizure activity in dogs include

A

polyuria, ataxia, polyphagia

67
Q

neuroleptanalegia is the combination of a

A

opioid and tranquilizer

68
Q

which neurotransmitter does acepromazine antagonize to decrease anxiety in both humans and vet patients

A

dopamine

69
Q

Buprenorphine is an opioid analgesic that is considered to have both agonist and antagonist opioid receptor effects, which allows for the benefit of providing a long duration of effect with fewer adverse effects compared to other drugs in this class. Buprenorphine exhibits agonistic activity at the ___________ receptor, and antagonistic activity at the _____________ receptor.

A

mu, kappa

70
Q

which of these opiods is an agonist/antagonist

A

butorphanol

71
Q

which opiod is easily absorbed across the mucous membranes and is commonly used in cats

A

buprenorphine

72
Q

levetiraetam is the active ingredient in

A

keppra

73
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A
74
Q

which of the following is false in regards to beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators?

A

all options are correct

75
Q

which of the following cells are responsible for releasing both heparin and histamine?

A

mast cells

76
Q

terbutaline, albuterol, and metaproterenol are used in vet med to

A

treat feline asthma or other bronchoconstrictive diseases

77
Q

you can overdose your patient on oxygen

A

true

78
Q

which of the following can be used in stimulating respiration in cases of xylazine overdose?

A

yohimbine

79
Q

which of the following drugs combines an antitussive with a corticoid steroid?

A

temaril-P

80
Q

loratadine

A

claritin

81
Q

acetylcysteine

A

mucomyst

82
Q

butorphanol tartrate

A

torbugesic

83
Q

albuterol

A

ventolin

84
Q

cetirizine

A

zyrtec

85
Q

dextromethorphan

A

robitussin DM

86
Q

diphenhydramine

A

benadryl

87
Q

prednisolone

A

solu-medrol

88
Q

which of the following drugs is available over the counter as an antitussive

A

dextromethorphan

89
Q

methylxanthines are often used to improve breathing in cardiac patients, as well as patients with respiratory disease. Which of the following drugs are methylxanthines used for this purpose?

A

theophylline and aminophylline

90
Q

if beta-2 agonists are non-selective they will affect both the cardiovascular and respiratory system

A

true

91
Q

what effects do beta-receptor agonists have on the respiratory tree?

A

cause bronchodilation

92
Q

______ is an example of a loop diuretic

A

lasix

93
Q

butorphanol and hydrocodone are examples of

A

antitussives

94
Q

metered dose inhalers deliver small drug particles to the _____ respiratory system

A

upper

95
Q

guaifenesin is an example of a(n)

A

expectorant

96
Q

which of the following is no longer recommended in neonates as it can cause cerebral hypoxia

A

dopram

97
Q

which of the following can be used in stimulating respiration in cases of narcotic overdose?

A

narcan

98
Q

thy type of drug that would be most helpful for a patient with a productive cough is

A

expectorant

99
Q

drugs used to increase airflow, through respiratory passageways narrowed by the relaxation of smooth muscle around them, are called

A

bronchodilators

100
Q

drugs that reduce the viscosity of secretions in the respiratory tract are called

A

expectorants

101
Q

drugs that effectively block the cough reflex are called

A

antitussives

102
Q

nebulizers require positive force to get the aerosolized droplets deep into the respiratory tract

A

false

103
Q

which of the following is an example of a mucolytic

A

steam and mucomyst

104
Q

vomiting can be a side effect with expectorants as they can

A

irritate the gastric mucosa

105
Q

care must be taken when prescribing hydrocodone to our veterinary patients because it is a human-labeled product and often times has which of the following medications added to it?

A

acetaminophen

106
Q

antihistamines should be given _____ histamine release in the body for optimum effects

A

before

107
Q

which class of drug is designed to break up mucus as well as reduce its viscosity

A

mucolytics

108
Q

smooth muscle contraction and brochial constriction is mainly caused by

A

histamine

109
Q

decongestants work by causing vasodilation in swollen nasal passages

A

false

110
Q

if your patient will be on oxygen therapy for longer than a few hours the O2 should be ______ as to not dry out the respiratory tract and cause irritation

A

humidified

111
Q

an asthmatic cat may receive which of the following drugs for its bronchodilatory effect?

A

theophylline

112
Q

which of the following is an example of a volatile oil in regards to being an expectorant?

A

eucalyptus oil

113
Q

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A
114
Q

When DES, a synthetic estrogen, is used at higher does, it can have the potentially dangerous side effect of

A

bone marrow suppresion

115
Q

which of the following drugs should not be given to pregnant mares or cows as it can accidently induce abortion or premature parturition?

A

dexamethasone

116
Q

CIDR’s are implant to help prolong diestrus in cattle for several days

A

true

117
Q

which of the following is a testosterone analog that can be used as a contraceptive in dogs that works by inhibiting LH release?

A

mibolerone

118
Q

cloprostenol

A

estrumate

119
Q

diethylstilbestrol

A

DES

120
Q

gonadorelins

A

OvaCyst

121
Q

dinoprost tromethamine

A

lutalyse

122
Q

altrenogest

A

Regu-Mate

123
Q

which of the following drugs can be used in an animal with dystocia?

A

oxytocin

124
Q

the drug oxytocin aids in milk production

A

false

125
Q

which of the following drugs can be used to terminate pregnancies in mare?

A

lutalyse

126
Q

estrogens can depress hematopoiesis, which can result in aplastic anemia

A

true

127
Q

which of the following drugs used to be widely used in food animals as a growth-promoting steroid that has since been banned in food animals as it has been shown to be carcinogenic?

A

diethylstilbestrol

128
Q

what are estrogen products mainly used for in small animal medicine?

A

treating urinary incontinence

129
Q

which of the following produces progesterone?

A

the placenta and corpus luteum

130
Q

estrumate is a prostaglandin drug

A

true

131
Q

which of the following drugs can aid in milk letdown?

A

oxytocin

132
Q

dopamine antagonists promote the release of prolactin from the pituitary

A

true

133
Q

which of the following groups of drugs can be used by livestock breeders to help estrus synchronization?

A

prostaglandins

134
Q

which of the following drugs should females wear gloves with if they are/suspect they are pregnant because it can extend a pregnancy beyond its natural end

A

altrenogest

135
Q

which of the following is a noun referring to the state of being in heat?

A

estrus

136
Q

which of the following is a feed additive given to cattle to either suppress estrus or extend diestrus?

A

melengestrol acetate

Mod 6 Finals (4 decks)

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