Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the pharmaceutic stage of a PO med?
when the oral medication dissolves into a solution
What is the Pharmokenetic stage of a PO med?
the drug’s movement (through the body) to achieve the desired action
What is the Pharmacodynamic stage of a PO med?
the effect of the drug’s concentration on the body
What is the excipient?
the filler in a medication tablet
What is rate limiting?
the time it takes for a drug to dissolve and become available for use by the body
What is the purpose of an enteric coated drug?
resists dissolving in the stomach and dissolves in the small intestine
What is the first pass effect?
instead of going into systemic circulation after oral absorption; some drugs pass directly from the intestinal lumen to the liver via the hepatic portal vein
What is a “free drug”?
a drug not bound to protein
What pH is optimal to see good drug disintegration/absorption?
generally drugs are disintegrated and absorbed faster in acidic fluids with pH of 1 or 2. *note: Geriatric and Pediatric generally have less gastric acidity
What is “passive absorption”?
absorption of a drug moving across a cell membrane by diffusion
What is “active absorption”?
absorption that requires the use of a protein or enzyme to move across the cell membrane
What is “pinocytosis”?
the process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles
Which drugs pass rapidly through the GI membrane?
Lipid-soluble drugs
What drugs need a carrier to pass the GI membrane?
Water-soluble drugs
What is the “bioavailibility” of a drug?
the % of the drug that reaches systemic circulation
A patient with low serum albumin is at risk for what?
drug toxicity
What population is at risk for hypoalbuminemia?
Geriatric
What is the “half-life” of a drug referring to?
the amount of time it takes for 1/2 of a drug concentration to be eliminated
What is the main route of drug elimination?
Kidneys
The most accurate test to determine renal function is?
Creatinine clearance test
What is normal creatinine clearance level?
85-135 mL per minute
What is an agonist?
drug that produces a response
What is an antagonist?
drug that blocks a response
What determines TI, therapeutic index?
an estimated margin of safety based on effective dose in 50% of people and lethal dose in 50% of people
