Acid/Base

Question 1

What are the body’s Cations?

Answer 1

Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

Question 2

What are the body’s Anions?

Answer 2

Chloride and bicarbonate

Question 3

Osmolality (of the blood) means what?

Answer 3

concentration

Question 4

Isotonic is

Answer 4

the concentration of normal blood

Question 5

Hypertonic is

Answer 5

more concentrated than normal blood

Question 6

Hypotonic is

Answer 6

more dilute than normal blood

Question 7

Aldosterone does what?

Answer 7

Promotes re-absorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys

Question 8

Insensible fluid loss occurs where?

Answer 8

breathing, open wounds, burns or breaks in the skin

Question 9

Average fluid intake for an adult is

Answer 9

2300 mL

Question 10

Hypernatremia is

Answer 10

water deficit; hypertonic condition

Question 11

hypernatremia combined with extra cellular volume (ECV) is

Answer 11

clinical dehydration

Question 12

hyponatremia is

Answer 12

water excess or water intoxication; hypotonic condition making cells swell

Question 13

What is hypokalemia?

Answer 13

low potassium

Question 14

What causes hypokalemia?

Answer 14

diarrhea, vomiting or taking diuretics

Question 15

What is the classic symptom of hypokalemia?

Answer 15

muscle weakness

Question 16

What is hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

high potassium

Question 17

Who is at risk for hyperkalemia?

Answer 17

Those with oliguria (low urine output)

Question 18

What is hypocalcemia?

Answer 18

low calcium

Question 19

Who gets hypocalcemia?

Answer 19

People with acute pancreatitis

Question 20

What is the sign of hypocalcemia?

Answer 20

increased neuromuscular excitability

Question 21

What is hypercalcemia?

Answer 21

high calcium levels

Question 22

What causes hypercalcemia?

Answer 22

Increased calcium intake, shift of calcium from bones to ECF and reduced calcium output.

Question 23

What is the sign of hypercalcemia?

Answer 23

decreased neuromuscular excitability (exhibited as lethargy)

Question 24

What is hypomagnesemia?

Answer 24

Low magnesium

Question 25

What is the symptom of hypomagnesemia?

Answer 25

Like hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia also increases neuromuscular excitability

Question 26

What is hypermagnesemia?

Answer 26

Elevated magnesium levels

Question 27

What is the trademark of hypermagnesemia?

Answer 27

decreased deep tendon reflexes

Question 28

What is a buffer?

Answer 28

A buffer can absorb hydrogen ions (when there are too many free) or release hydrogen (when it is lower)

Question 29

pH should be?

Answer 29

7.35-7.45

Question 30

CO2 should be?

Answer 30

35 to 45

Question 31

HCO3 should be?

Answer 31

22-26

Question 32

CO2 greater than 45 is?

Answer 32

Acidic

Question 33

CO2 less than 35 is?

Answer 33

Akaline

Question 34

HcO3 less than 22 is?

Answer 34

Acidic

Question 35

HCO3 greater than 26 is?

Answer 35

Akaline