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NUR 121 > Acid/Base > Flashcards

Acid/Base Flashcards

1
Q

What are the body’s Cations?

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

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2
Q

What are the body’s Anions?

A

Chloride and bicarbonate

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3
Q

Osmolality (of the blood) means what?

A

concentration

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4
Q

Isotonic is

A

the concentration of normal blood

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5
Q

Hypertonic is

A

more concentrated than normal blood

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6
Q

Hypotonic is

A

more dilute than normal blood

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7
Q

Aldosterone does what?

A

Promotes re-absorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys

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8
Q

Insensible fluid loss occurs where?

A

breathing, open wounds, burns or breaks in the skin

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9
Q

Average fluid intake for an adult is

A

2300 mL

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10
Q

Hypernatremia is

A

water deficit; hypertonic condition

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11
Q

hypernatremia combined with extra cellular volume (ECV) is

A

clinical dehydration

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12
Q

hyponatremia is

A

water excess or water intoxication; hypotonic condition making cells swell

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13
Q

What is hypokalemia?

A

low potassium

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14
Q

What causes hypokalemia?

A

diarrhea, vomiting or taking diuretics

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15
Q

What is the classic symptom of hypokalemia?

A

muscle weakness

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16
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

high potassium

17
Q

Who is at risk for hyperkalemia?

A

Those with oliguria (low urine output)

18
Q

What is hypocalcemia?

A

low calcium

19
Q

Who gets hypocalcemia?

A

People with acute pancreatitis

20
Q

What is the sign of hypocalcemia?

A

increased neuromuscular excitability

21
Q

What is hypercalcemia?

A

high calcium levels

22
Q

What causes hypercalcemia?

A

Increased calcium intake, shift of calcium from bones to ECF and reduced calcium output.

23
Q

What is the sign of hypercalcemia?

A

decreased neuromuscular excitability (exhibited as lethargy)

24
Q

What is hypomagnesemia?

A

Low magnesium

25
Q

What is the symptom of hypomagnesemia?

A

Like hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia also increases neuromuscular excitability

26
Q

What is hypermagnesemia?

A

Elevated magnesium levels

27
Q

What is the trademark of hypermagnesemia?

A

decreased deep tendon reflexes

28
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer can absorb hydrogen ions (when there are too many free) or release hydrogen (when it is lower)

29
Q

pH should be?

A

7.35-7.45

30
Q

CO2 should be?

A

35 to 45

31
Q

HCO3 should be?

A

22-26

32
Q

CO2 greater than 45 is?

A

Acidic

33
Q

CO2 less than 35 is?

A

Akaline

34
Q

HcO3 less than 22 is?

A

Acidic

35
Q

HCO3 greater than 26 is?

A

Akaline

NUR 121 (8 decks)

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