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Psychiatry > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the classes of antidepressants.

A

SSRIs (selective serotonni reuptake inhibitors)

TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants)

irreversible MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

RIMAs (reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A)

SARIs (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor)

NRIs (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)

SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)

α-2 adrenoceptor antagonists

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2
Q

Name 2 examples of SSRIs

A

Citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline

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3
Q

Name 2 examples of TCAs

A

amitryptaline

nortryptaline

clomirmine

imipramine

trimipramine

dothiepin

doxepin

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4
Q

Name 2 examples of irreversible MAOIs

A

Tranylcypromine

Phenelzine

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5
Q

Name an example of a RIMA

A

Moclobemide

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6
Q

Name an example of a SARI

A

Nefazadone

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7
Q

Name an example of a NRI

A

Reboxetine

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8
Q

Name 3 examples of a SNRI

A

Venlafaxine

Desnevlafaxine

Duloxetine

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9
Q

Name 2 examples of an α-2 receptor antagonist.

A

Mirtazapine

Mianserin

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10
Q

Name 2 examples of typical antipsychotics

A

haloperidol

fluphenazine

droperidol

prochlorperazone

zucloperazine

chlorpromazine

thiorodazine

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11
Q

Name 2 examples of atypical antipsychotics

A

amisulpride

clozapine

olanzapine

risperidone

aripiprazole

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12
Q

What are the side effects of clozapine?

A
  • GOW, DM, increase lipids
  • sedation
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • constipation/bowel obstruction
  • drooling
  • urinary retention/incontinence
  • lowered seizure threshold
  • agranulocytosis/neutropenia
  • myocarditis/cardiomyopathy
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13
Q

What are the side effects of olanzapine?

A
  • GOW, DM, increased lipids
  • sedation
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • dizzines
  • peripheral oedema
  • bradycardia
  • antichol: urinary retention, consitpation, dry mouth
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14
Q

What are the side effects of chlorpromazine?

A
  • GOW, DM, increased lipids
  • sedation
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • anti-chol: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
  • photosensitivity: gray-blue skin pigmentation
  • hepatotoxicity
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15
Q

What are the side effects of amisulpride?

A
  • increased prolactin - amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea
  • prolonged QT interval
  • lowered seizure threshold
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16
Q

What is Mirtazepine? and what does it’s side effects spare?

A

Mirtazepine is TCA and it spares erectile function

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17
Q

What are the side effects of aripiprazole?

A
  • anxiety
  • insomnia
  • constipation
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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics?

A

blocks D2 receptors

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?

A

competitive blockade of 5-HT>D2 receptors

(less likely to cause EPSE than typical antipsychotics)

20
Q

What are the extrapyridamal side effects(EPSE)?

A
  • pseudo-parkinsonism
  • tardive dyskinesia
  • akathisia
  • acute dystonia
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
21
Q

How long does it take for antidepressants to start working?

A

2-4 weeks!!

22
Q

With antidepressants medications, when are most of the side effects present?

A

During the first 1-2 weeks.

23
Q

How lon gdoes it take for antidepressants to start working?

A

2-4 weeks

24
Q

What is Serotonin toxicity?

A

Syndrome caused by too much serotonin due to use of SSRIs and MAOIs or TCA, ST. John’s Owrt, ecstasy, lithium.

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Serotonin toxicity?

A

hyperthermia, myoclonus, mental state changes

26
Q

What are the symptoms of muscarinic blockade?

A

anti-SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation)

27
Q

What is the main symptom of alpha-1 blockade?

A

orthostatic hypotension

28
Q

What is the pharamcology of TCAs?

A

non-selective reuptake inhibitor of NA and 5HT

29
Q

what are the side effects of lithium?

A

hypothyroidism

diabetes insipidus (due to decreased response to ADH)

fine tremor

benign leukocytosis

intestinal problems

increased weight

30
Q

What are the side effects of Haloperidol?

A
  • EPSEs esp. fatal laryngeal dystonia
  • lengthened QT interval
31
Q

What is the main symptom of H1 blockade?

A

sedation

32
Q

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

A

GI: nausea, diarrhoea/constipation

Psych: anxiety, insomnia/somnolence, headache

other: sexual dysfunction, SADH, bleeding risk, decreased BMD

33
Q

What are the side effects of TCAs?

A
  • anti-SLUD
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • sedation
  • prolonged QT interval
  • decreased seizure threshold
34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?

A

non-selective re-uptake inhibition of NA (alpha-1, M, H1) and 5-HT

35
Q

What are the side effects of irreversible MAO inhibitors?

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • insomnia/sedation
  • anti-SLUD
  • sexual dysfunction
36
Q

What are the side effects of Valproate?

A

“SWATH”

Sedation

Weight gain

Alopecia

Hepatotoxicity

Thrombocytopenia

37
Q

Name the dopamine pathways.

A
  1. mesolimbic
  2. mesocortical
  3. nigrostriatal
  4. tuberohypophyseal
38
Q

what are the side effects of zopiclone?

A

metallic taste

39
Q

what are the side effects of zolpidem?

A

somnambulism

diarrhorea

dizziness

40
Q

what are the side effects of benzodiazepines?

A
  • sedation, disinhibition
  • ataxia
  • muscle weakness
  • confusion
  • anterograde amnesia
  • dry mouth, muscle weakness
  • dependence
41
Q

what are BZDs used to treat?

A

anxiety and insomnia (short term)

skeletal muscle relaxation

42
Q

What should Lithium blood levels be during an episode?

A

0.8 - 1.2 nmol/L

43
Q

What should Lithium blood levels be during maintenance?

A

0.6 - 0.8 nmol/L

44
Q

What mood stabilizers should be used for a rapidly cyclng bipolar?

A

Carbamazepine and Valproic acid

45
Q

What are the signs of NMS?

A

“FALTER”

Fever

Autonomic instability

Leukocytosis

Tremor

Elevated CPK

Rigidity

Psychiatry (14 decks)

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