Child Psychiatry Flashcards
What is the classification of mental retardation?
<25 is profound
25 - 39 is severe
40 - 49 is moderate
50 - 70 is mild
What are the causes of mental retardation?
Genetic
- Down’s syndrome
- Fragile X syndrome
Infections and Toxins - “TORCH”
- Toxoplasmosis
- Other (syphilis, AIDS, ETOH)
- Rubella
- CMV
- Herpes Simplex
Perinatal
- anoxia
- prematurity
Post-natal
- hypothyroidism
- malnutrition
- toxin exposure
- trauma
What are the types of learning disorders?
- reading disorder - more common in boys
- mathematics disorder - more commo in girls
- disorder of written expression
- learning isorder not otherise specified (NOS)
What are the Disruptive behavioural disorders?
Conduct disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
What is the DSM criteria for Conduct disorder?
- aggression toward pople and animals
- destruction of property
- deceitfulness
- serious violation of rules
What is the risk of developing antisocial PD if you have conduct disorder?
40% risk
What is the DSm criteria for ODD?
at least 6 months of:
- frequent loss of temper
- frequent arguents with adults
- defying dult rules
- deiberately annoying people
- easily annoyed
- anger and resentment
- spiteful
- blaming others for mistakes or misbehaviours
What are the sub-types of ADHD?
- predominantly inattentive type
- predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
- combined type
What is the DSM criteria for ADHD?
- At least 6 symptoms involving inattentiveness, hyperactivity or both for at least 6 months
- onset before 7 years old
- behaviour insonsistent with age
What is the management of ADHD?
Pharmacotherapy
- CNS stimulants - methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, pemoline
- SSRIs/TCAs (adjunctively)
Psychotherapy
Parental counselling
group therapy
What are the types of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)?
- Autistic disorder
- Asperger’s disorder
- Rett’s disorder
- Childhood integrative disorder
What is the DSM criteria for Autistic disorder?
- problems with social interaction (non-verbal behaviours, failure to develop r/ships, lack of emotional reciprocity)
- impairments in communication (lack of/delayed speech, repetitive use of language, lack of varied, spontaneous play)
- repetitive and stereotyped ptterns of behaviour and activities (inflexible rituals, preoccupation with parts of objects)
What is the management of Autistic disorder?
- education
- behavioural therapy
- neuroleptics (to control aggression, hyperactivity etc)
- SSRIs (to control stereotyped, repetitive behaviours)
What is the DSM criteria for Asperger’s Disorder?
- impaired social interaction
- restricted adn stereotyped behaviours, interests, activities
What are the characteristics of Rett’s disorder?
- normal prenatal and perinatal development
- normal psychootor development during the first 5 months after birth
- loss of previously learned purposeful hand skills between ages 5 and 30 months, followed by development of stereotyped hand movements
- early loss of social interactions, followed by improvement
- problems of gait or trunk movements
- severely imparied language and psychomotor development
