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Repro Module > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

function of estrogen in endometrium

A

growth of endometrial glands, thickening of endometrium, emergence of spiral arteries from the basal layer.

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2
Q

function of estrogen in menstrual cycle

A

acts as a positive feedback signal thus leading to a massive surge of fsh and lh that causes ovulation

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3
Q

fuct of estrogen in female repro system

A

development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty, like the growth of breasts and widening of the hips, as well as distribution of fat on the buttocks, hips, and thighs.

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4
Q

5 systemic functions of estrogen

A
  1. inhibits osteoclastic activity
  2. lowers ldl levels
    3.vasolidation by keeping blood vessels flexible
  3. increases blood cogulation and clotting factos
  4. increases synthesis of progesterone receptors
  5. increases cognition and sense of well-being
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5
Q

most potent form of estrogen

A

17-b estradiol

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6
Q

form of estrogen in postmenopause

A

estrone

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7
Q

estrogen form during preg

A

estriol

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8
Q

synthetic estrogen include

A

ethinyl estradiol; diethylstilbestrol, or DES; and mestranol.

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9
Q

sysnthetic estroegen can be given via what route

A

orally, via transdermal patches, vaginal creams, or intramuscular injection.

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10
Q

5 indications of synthetic estrogen

A
  1. primary hypogonadism
    2.hrt
    3.premature ovarian failure or surgical removal of oavries
  2. primary amenorrhea
    5.hormonal contraceptives along with progesterone
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11
Q

adverse effects of synthetic estrogens

A
  1. vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness.
  2. increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer
    3.nausea
  3. thromboembolic events
  4. peripheral edema
  5. hypertension
    8.uterine bleeding
    9.hyperpigmentation
  6. migraines
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12
Q

adverse effect of diethylstillbestrol

A

women given these during preg, thier daughter can develop infertility, ectopic preg, vaginal adenocarcinoma, and vaginal adenosis

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13
Q

5 estrogen synthetics contraindications

A
  1. estrogen dependent neoplasm( endometrium and breast cancer)
    2.Undiagnosed genital bleeding
    3.Liver disease
  2. History of thrombo-embolic disorder
  3. Heavy smokers
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14
Q

name 5 serts

A

tamoxifen,
raloxifene, and
clomiphene.
TOREMIFINE
OSPEMIFENE

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15
Q

tamoxifen and raloxifene indications

A

breast cancer, osteoporosis

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16
Q

5 tamoxifen se

A

endometrial hyperplasia, increased risk of endometrial cancer, endometrial polyps,
thromboembolic events, hot flashes

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17
Q

2 se of raloxifene

A

hot flashes, increased thromboembolic events

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18
Q

raloxifene preferred over tamoxifene?

A

raloxifene do not stimulate estrogen receptors of the emdometrium

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19
Q

clomiphene moa

A

estrogen antagonist in the hypothalamus, preventing the normal negative feedback, and thus increases FSH and LH output from the pituitary and ultimately stimulates ovulation.

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20
Q

clomiphene indications

A

induce ovulation and treat infertility

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21
Q

clomiphene se

A

hot flashes,
ovarian enlargement,
Risk of ovarian cancer(prolong use)
multiple pregnancies due to multiple ovulation, and
visual disturbances.
Headaches, constipation, allergic reactions

Deprssion,fatigue and weight gain
Breast soreness,
urinary frequency.

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22
Q

TOREMIFINE use?

A

treatment of metastatic breast cancer

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23
Q

OSPEMIFENE use?

A

Treatment of dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse) related to menopause.

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24
Q

purely antagonists in all tissues that acts on estrogen receptor antagonist

A

fulvestrant

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25
when is fullvestrant used
Used in tamoxifene resistant patients of breast cancer
26
se of fullvestrant
hot flashes, headache, injection site rxn
27
arotomase inhibitors more effective in post or premenopausal women
post menopausal women
28
arotomaze inh used in
advanced breast cancer that is er+
29
arotamase inh are of -types
type 1 steriodal- irreveribly bind to arotamase type 2 non steriodal - reversibly bind to arotamase both are competetive inhibitors
30
type 2 arotomase ihb agents names
anastrozole and letrozole,
31
type 1 arotamase ihb agent name
exemestane
32
route for arotomase inh
peroral
33
s.e of arotomase inh
cvs disease, osteopenia, osteoporosis in hips and lumbar spine which can lead to fractures symptoms similar to those that precede menopause, like hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and loss of libido. Joint symptoms like arthralgia, arthrosis, arthritis, and disk herniation can also occur.
34
letrozole se
nausea, and hair thinning, but it has less cardiovascular side effect
35
exemestane se
nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, as well as visual disturbance
36
danazol moa
Inhibits several enzymes involved in gonadal steroid synthesis. Inhibitor of gonadal function Suppress mid cycle surge of LH AND FSH🡪Suppress ovarian function
37
contraindication of danazol
Pregnancy (Urogenital abnormalities in offspring) Breast feeding Hepatic dysfunction (Risk of hepatocellular damage)
38
progestrin is a -carbon steriod
21
39
progestrins produced in
1. gonads 2. adrenal cortex 3.ovarian corpus leutum in the 1st ten weeks of pregnancy 3. placenta during pregnancy
40
normal effects of progestrone on repro system
1. prevent endometrial shedding 2. decreased uterine motility 3.inhibition of immulogical rejection of the fetus 4. secretory changes in the endometrium 5.thickens cervical mucus thus making it hostile to further sperm 6.induces preg likes changes in the vagina 7. proliferation of breast preparing them for lactation working tog with estrogen
41
systemic effects of progestrone
1.fat deposition 2.glycogen storage bone stregth skin elastic 3. competes with aldosterone so dec na reabsorption 4. increase body temp 5. depression
42
2 kinds of progestins
progestrone-derivatives and testosterone derivatives
43
eg of progesterone derivatives
medroxyprogesterone, hydroxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate, dihydrogesterone.
44
eg of older testerone derivatives
danazol norgestrel, levonorgestrel, and ethynodiol
45
eg of newer testerone derivatives
desogestrel, norgestimate, and etonogestrel, gestodene
46
indication for newer testerone derivatives
women who experience side effects such as acne, depression or breakthrough bleeding with the older drugs.
47
bad effect of newer testosterone derivatives
increases the risk of thromboembolic events
48
indications for progestrins
1. contraceptives with or w/o estrogens 2. hrt along with estrogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia/growth and to relieve post menopausal symtoms 3. secondary amenorrhea 4. dysfunctional and abnormal uterine bleeding 5. endometriosis 6. ovarian supression in cases of dysmennorrhea 7. endometroid carcinoma
49
what test is it used for
progestin or medroxyprogesterone is given to patients for 10 days to see if its induces mentrual period in week following the withdrawal of the therapy. ammenorhea occurs in patients with endometrium scarring and if estrogen levels are low.
50
route for progestins
orally,im, intrauterine device, transdermal implant
51
toxicity of progestins at typical doses
fluid retention increase blood pressure, fatigue, mood changes depression, breast discomfort, changes in libido menstrual irregularities
52
progestins se at high doses
reversible decrease in bone density delay the resumption of ovulation after termination of the therapy.
53
older testerone derivative
virilization
54
2 antiprogestins
mifepristone, uripristal
55
mifepristone use
surgical terminal of preg effective within 50 days of preg sensitizes the uterus to prostaglandin use
56
antiprogestins moa
competeitve inh at progesterone receptors
57
ulipristal use
emergency birth control within 5 days of intercourse, uterine fibroids
58
mifepristone given duirng follicular phase vs luteal phase
fp-slowing of follicular development and delay/failure of ovulation. lp-prevents secretory changes hence causing uterine contractions
59
mifepristol se
nausea, vomitting, diarhea, unable to induce complete abortion,
60
uripristal moa
on the ovary (by suppressing or delaying ovulation) and on the endometrium (by decreasing endometrial thickness).
61
se of uripristal
headache, nausea and abdominal pain, hot flushes.
62

Repro Module (8 decks)

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