Pathology Flashcards
types of functional cysts
follicular, corpus luteal, theca luteal
gross app of luteal cysts
Lined by a rim of bright yellow
tissue containing luteinized
granulosa cells.
corpus luteal cysts also called
haemorrhagic cysts
Long term consequences: of pcos
Type II diabetes mellitus
Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma
marker for screening, monitoring of ovarian tumors
CA-125
6 risk factors of ovarian tumors
1.never having been pregnant/ infertility
3 early age of menarche,
4. late menopause as well as
5.endometriosis and
6.PCOS,
7.brca1 and
brca 2 mutation
reduced risk of ovarian cancers
having children, breastfeeding, oral and contraceptive use can decrease the risk due to the inhibition of ovulation
classification of ovarian tumors
epithelial ovarian tumors, germ cell, sex-cord stromal tumors,
classification of surface epithelial tumors
serous, mucinous, endometroid, brenner
age group for cystadenomas
premenopausal women bw 30 to 40 years
serous cystadenomas diff than mucinous cystsadenomas
- seous ones are mostly bilateral
- have lined with fallopian tube-like epithelium. while m.c have mucin secreting epitelium
histological feature of serous cysadenocarcinoma
psammoma bodies (concentric lamellated calcified structures
Cystadenocarcinomas age group
post menopausal women
Pseudomyxoma peritonei?
. (false mucinous tumor of
the peritoneum/Jelly Belly cancer)Cancer of the
appendix metastasize to ovaries.
endometriod tumors result in what type of cysts
chocolate brown cysts due to acc of blood and other contents
brenner tumor histo?
A nest of transitional-like cells (urogenital epithelium)
is embedded in a dense, fibrous stroma.
classification of germ cell tumors
dysgerminomas, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma, teratomas
struma ovarii causes
hyperthyroidism
markers of germ cell tumors
yolk sac- alpha feto prtein
choriocarcinoma- b-hcg
dysgerminoma- elevated estrogen, ldh and hcg are tumor markers
Krukenberg tumors?
from the gastrointestinal system, most often a metastatic diffuse gastric carcinoma that metastasized to the ovaries.
these ovarian tumors are mucin-secreting and have signet ring cells// bilateral ovarian involvement
5 clinical features of ovarian tumors?
- changes in bowel habits and
- pelvic discomfort that ranges from a pulling sensation in the groin,
- fullness or bloating in the pelvis or abdomen,
- dull, aching lower abdominal or pelvic pain, especially in the case of large tumors, like cystic teratomas.
- Large tumors can even cause ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists around the suspensory ligament. Since this ligament contains the ovarian blood vessels, torsion can cut off the blood supply to the ovary, resulting in sudden, sharp and severe, acute pelvic pain and ovarian ischemia.
cf of r polycystic ovary syndrome and Sertoli- Leydig cell tumors
amenorrhea, acne, and hirsutism, or excessive hair growth on the chin and upper lip, chest, and back
cf of Endometriomas
dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, and are associated with fertility issues.
Granulosa or theca cell tumors cf
Prior to puberty, this results in precocious puberty, which is when signs of puberty appear before the age of 8 in females. In reproductive age, it can cause menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. And post-menopause, which is when most granulosa or theca cell tumors present, they can present with endometrial hyperplasia with uterine bleeding
