Pharmacology

Question 1

side effects of ethambutol

Answer 1

loss of visual acuity and colour blindness

Question 2

side effects of isoniazid

Answer 2

elevated AST and ALT
peripheral neuropathy (more likely if RF e.g. HIV, DM, chronic renal failure, malnutrition)

prophylactic pyridoxine should be started (form of Vit B)

Question 3

2 drugs which cause hyperventilation in overdose

Answer 3

salicylate and theophylline

Question 4

theophylline overdose symptoms

Answer 4

vomiting
agitation
dilated pupils
tachycardia
hyperglycaemia
hyperventilation

Question 5

congenital abnormalities causes by sodium valproate

Answer 5

spina bifida
ASD
cleft palate
hypospadias
polydactyly
craniosynostosis

Question 6

most common side effect of methylphenidate (ADHD)

Answer 6

loss of appetite

Question 7

Side effects of methylphenidate

Answer 7

restlessness
HTN
tachycardia and palpitations
reduced appetite
lack of growth
insomnia
nervousness

Question 8

Medication for severe pain in patient with CKD

Answer 8

Fentanyl IV

Question 9

mechanism of action of lidocaine

Answer 9

prolongs inactivation of voltage gated Na channels which prevents action potentials from firing

Question 10

mechanism of macrolide (azithromycin)

Answer 10

inhibition of bacterial protein sythesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome

Question 11

mechanism of action of adrenaline

Answer 11

A1 receptor agonist causing vasoconstriction

Question 12

mechanism of action of warfarin

Answer 12

inhibits synethesis of factor II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S
(inhibits vit K dependent protein synthesis

Question 13

mechanism of action of desmopressin

Answer 13

water reabsorption activator
synthetic analogue of ADH
increases the cellular permeability of collection ducts, resulting in reabsorption of water by the kidneys

Question 14

mechanism of action of methylphenidate

Answer 14

inhibition of dopamine reuptake in the basal ganglia

first line for ADHD , over 5

Question 15

Management of propanolol OD

Answer 15

IV Glucagon

Question 16

carbamazepine sideeffects

Answer 16

nystagmus

Question 17

which anti sickness med acts solely on medulla oblongata

Answer 17

cyclizine
H1 histamine receptor antagonist

Question 18

ciclosporin, what do you need to council parents on

Answer 18

chronic interstitial nephritis
regular drug levels and UEC needed

Question 19

action of montelukast

Answer 19

cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist
blocks the action of Leukotriene D4 in the lungs and bronchial airways

Question 20

mode of action of amiodarone

Answer 20

potassium channel blocker

Question 21

side effects of sodium valproate

Answer 21

increasred appetite
weight gain
insulin resistance
hair loss
easy bruising
metabolic syndrome