pharmacology

Question 1

which antibiotic do statins interact with

Answer 1

macrolides
- clarithromycin, erthromycin, azithromycin

Question 2

Mx of impetigo

Answer 2

fusdic acid

• v infectious, off school maye dont share towels

Question 3

molluscum mx

Answer 3

supportive

Question 4

feverPAIN score

Answer 4

The FeverPAIN criteria are: score 1 point for each (maximum score of 5)
Fever over 38°C.
Purulence (pharyngeal/tonsillar exudate).
Attend rapidly (3 days or less)
Severely Inflamed tonsils
No cough or coryza

feverPAIN >=4 –> antibiotics

Question 5

tonsilitis antibiotics

Answer 5

1st - penicillin V
2nd - clarithromycin

Question 6

peritonsillar abcess (quinsy)

Answer 6

unilateral throat swelling
- Complication of bacterial tonsilitis
- Deviation of the uvula to unaffected side
- Trismus – difficulty opening mouth

• Surgical emergency

Mx = Aspiration or incision + drainage + IV antibiotics

Question 7

how would WCC, lymphocytes, ALT + CRP be affected in EBV

Answer 7

all raised

Question 8

what should GP do if suspects meningitis

Answer 8

IM ceftriaxone

prophylaxis for contacts = ciprofloxacin

Question 9

what is isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 9

a vasodilator

Question 10

drugs that can exacerbate gout

Answer 10

all types of diuretics - thiazide, furosemide
chemo drugs
isoretinoin
levodopa
theophylline
ACEi / ARBS

enourage patient to drink lots of water to flush it out

Question 11

pharmacokinetic

Answer 11

alteration in conc of drug by the other by affecting its absoption, distribution, metabolism or excretion

Question 12

drugs thats effectiveness is decreased by impaired renal function

Answer 12

furosemide
nitrofurantoin - might not reach site of action

Question 13

effect of impaired renal function on metformin

Answer 13

effect of metformin would be enhanced
- would stay in body longer
- eliminated less if renal function impaired -> more hypoglycaemia

Question 14

drugs to avoid in acute flare of gout?

Answer 14

NSAIDS, naproxen

Question 15

how many days before surgery should warfarin be withdrawn?

Answer 15

5days

Question 16

by what mechanism does spinal anaesthesia most commonly cause hypotension?

Answer 16

blockade of sympathetic transmission to blood vessels, causing vasodilation

Question 17

ephedrine

Answer 17

used to treat LOW blood pressure, hypotension

Question 18

which of ACEi/ARBs, spironolactone, losartan + diuretics cause hypokalaemia

Answer 18

diuretics

others - hypERkalaemia

Question 19

how many half lifes does it take to get to steady state

Answer 19

4half lifes – **ideal time for therapeutic drug monitoring

times to steady state is independent of dosage

Question 20

when should a blood sample for measuring ciclosporin levels be obtained?

Answer 20

just before the next dose is due to check the trough levels

Question 21

when should lithium levels be checked

Answer 21

12hrs after the evening dose

Question 22

Your patient is prescribed sodium valproate at a dose of 10 mg/kg to be given as an injection over five minutes. They weigh 60kg. The injection ampoules contain 400mg of sodium valproate in 4mL. At what rate (mL/minute) should the injection be administered?

Answer 22

Dose needed= 10 X 60 = 600 mg
400 mg –> 4 ml
1 mg –> 1/100 ml

600 mg-> 6 ml
5 min –> 6 mL
1 min-> 6/5mL

Rate = 1.2mL/min