Pharmacology

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

physical and psychological dependence on craving for a drug and presence of clearly unpleasant effects when drug or other agent is stopped

Question 2

additive action

Answer 2

combination of two similar drugs equal to sum effects of each

Question 3

aerosols

Answer 3

administered by inhalation

Question 4

anaphylaxis

Answer 4

acute hypersensitivity w/ asthma and shock (type of idiosyncratic reaction)

Question 5

antagonistic

Answer 5

two drugs give less than an additive effect

Question 6

brand name

Answer 6

trademark private property of individual drug manufacturer and no competitor may use it.

Question 7

chemical name

Answer 7

exact chemical makeup of the drug

Question 8

chemotherapy

Answer 8

study of drugs that destroy microorganisms, parasites or malignant cells within the body.

Question 9

contraindications

Answer 9

factors in a patient’s condition that make the use of a particular drug dangerous and ill advised

Question 10

controlled substances

Answer 10

drugs; opiods/narcotics; produce dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction

Question 11

dose

Answer 11

amount of drug administered, milligrams/grams

Question 12

drug resistance

Answer 12

loss of effectiveness of a drug

Question 13

FDA

Answer 13

legal responsibility for deciding if drug may be distributed and sold

Question 14

generic name

Answer 14

shorter/less complicated, identifies drug legally and scientifically

Question 15

hospital formulary

Answer 15

give info about characteristics of drugs and clinical usage approved by particular hospital

Question 16

iatrogenic

Answer 16

(produced by treatment) mistakes in drug use or b/c individual sensitivity to a given agent

Question 17

idiosyncrasy

Answer 17

unpredictable type of drug toxicity

Question 18

inhalation

Answer 18

vapors/gases take in through nose and mouth absorbed into bloodstream

Question 19

intracavitary instillation

Answer 19

injection into body cavity

Question 20

intradermal injection

Answer 20

shallow injection made into upper layers of the skin chiefly used in skin testing for allergic reactions.

Question 21

intramuscular injection (IM)

Answer 21

buttock or upper arm site for injection into muscle

Question 22

intrathecal instillation

Answer 22

instillation into the space under the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain

Question 23

intravenous injection (IV)

Answer 23

injection given directly into the vein

Question 24

medicinal chemistry

Answer 24

study of new drug synthesis and the relationship between chemical sturcture and biologic effects

Question 25

molecular pharmacology

Answer 25

the interaction of drugs and subcellular entities, DNA RNA and enzymes.

Question 26

oral administration

Answer 26

drugs given by mouth

Question 27

parenteral administration

Answer 27

injection of drug from a syringe through hollow needle placed under skin into muscle, vein or body cavity

Question 28

pharmacodynamics

Answer 28

Study of drugs effects on target in body

Question 29

pharmacologist

Answer 29

MD/PHD specializes in study of medicines

Question 30

pharmacology

Answer 30

study of discovery, properties, and uses of drugs

Question 31

receptor

Answer 31

drug produces its effect by interacting with a specific target

Question 32

rectal administration

Answer 32

suppositories and aqueous solutions inserted into the rectum

Question 33

response

Answer 33

desired beneficial effect of a drug

Question 34

schedule

Answer 34

timing and frequency of drug administration

Question 35

side effects

Answer 35

unpleasant effects that routinely result from the use of a drug

Question 36

subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection (subQ)

Answer 36

small hypodermic needle introduced into subcutaneous tissue under the skin usually on upper arm, thigh, abdomen. insulin usually done this route

Question 37

sublingual administration

Answer 37

drugs placed under the tongue dissolve in saliva

Question 38

synergistic

Answer 38

two drugs produce greater than additive effects

Question 39

tolerance

Answer 39

effects of a given dose diminish as treatment continues

Question 40

topical application

Answer 40

drugs applied locally on skin or mucous membranes of the body; antispetics (against infection) and antipruritics (against itching) commonly used as ointments, creams and lotions

Question 41

toxicology

Answer 41

study of the harmful effects of drugs and chemicals on the body

Question 42

transdermal patches

Answer 42

used to deliver drugs continuously through skin

Question 43

United States Pharmacopeia USP

Answer 43

reviews available commercial drugs and reappraises effectiveness in specific medical conditions

Question 44

dependence

Answer 44

physiologic need for a drug with prolonged use

Question 45

pharmacokinetics

Answer 45

study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

Question 46

resistance

Answer 46

lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process.

Question 47

toxicity

Answer 47

harmful effects of a drug

Question 48

transport

Answer 48

movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells

Question 49

vitamin

Answer 49

substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.