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MCO201A > Classes of drugs > Flashcards

Classes of drugs Flashcards

1
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A

oral antidiabetic temporarily block enzymes that digest sugars

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2
Q

analgesics

A

drug that lessens pain, narcotics or opioids

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3
Q

androgens

A

male hormone replacement treats endometriosis and anemia

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4
Q

anesthetic

A

agent that reduces or eliminates sensation

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5
Q

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

A

lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

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6
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve performance of the hear and reduce its workload

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7
Q

antacids

A

neutralize hydrochloric acid in stomach

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8
Q

anti-Alzheimer drugs

A

treat symptoms of Alzheimer disease, act by aiding brain neurotransmitters or shielding brain cells from glutamate (neurotransmitter at high levels contributes to death of brain cells)

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9
Q

antiandrogens

A

interfere w/ production of androgens or w/ binding in tissues; prostrate cancer treatment

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10
Q

antiarrhythmics

A

treat abnormal heart rhythms, slow response of heart muscle to nerve stimulation

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11
Q

antibacterial drug

A

interfere w/ growth and reproduction of bacteria

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12
Q

antibiotics

A

produced from molds/bacteria inhibit or kill bacteria; antibacterial and antitubercular

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13
Q

anticoagulant

A

prevent clotting of blood; warfarin (coumadin)

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14
Q

antidepressant

A

treat symptoms of depression

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15
Q

antidiabetics

A

treat diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

antiemetic

A

prevents nausea

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17
Q

antifungals

A

treat fungal infections

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18
Q

antihistamine

A

block action of histamine, relieves symptoms not cure

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19
Q

antimicrobials

A

antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals and antiprotozoans

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20
Q

bisphosphonates

A

antiosteoporosis drug prevents bone loss

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21
Q

antiplatelet drug

A

reduce tendency of platelets to stick together; asprin, clopidogrel (plavix) used to prevent clotting after heart attacks and blood vessel procedures i.e. angioplasty

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22
Q

antiprotozoans

A

drugs act against infections caused by protozoans that become parasites

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23
Q

antitubercular drugs

A

treat tuberculosis

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24
Q

antiulcer

A

block secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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25
Q

antivirals

A

used against infections due to viruses; herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis b/c viruses

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26
Q

aromatase inhibitor

A

reduce amount of estrogen in blood effective against breast cancer, decrease amount of estrogen in fatty tissue

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27
Q

beta blockers

A

slow heart rate, decrease output of the heart and reduce blood pressure by blocking action of epinephrine

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28
Q

biguanides

A

oral antidiabetic increases body’s sensitivity to insulin and reduce production of glucose by liver

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29
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid hormone treats osteoporosis, increases calcium in blood and promotes bone deposition

30
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure, used to treat arrhythmias

31
Q

cardiac glycosides

A

made from digitalis (foxglove) increase force of contraction of heart used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation

32
Q

cardiovascular drugs

A

act on heart or blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and arrhythmias

33
Q

celebrex

A

COX-2 inhibitor risk of clot formation and heart attack increased with use

34
Q

cholesterol-binding drugs

A

bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent uptake from gastrointestinal tract PCSK9 inhibitors lower LDL cholesterol in blood, prevent heart attacks/strokes

35
Q

cholesterol-lowering drugs

A

statins block formation of cholesterol in liver treat hypercholesterolemia

36
Q

digoxin (lanoxin)

A

help heart pump more forcefully in heart failure

37
Q

diuretics

A

reduce volume of blood by promoting kidney to remove water and salt through urine, treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

38
Q

DOACs (direct-acting oral anticoagulants)

A

reduce risk of stroke; apixaban (Eliquis), dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

39
Q

DPP4 inhibitors

A

oral antidiabetic inhibits enzyme so cells make more insulin when glucose levels are high

40
Q

estrogen

A

prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis

41
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

turn off histamine, promotes secretion of stomach acid; histamine H2 receptor blocker

42
Q

general anesthetic

A

eliminates sensation in all tissues of the body and puts patient to sleep

43
Q

glucocorticoids

A

prescribed for reduction of inflammation and wide range of other disorders; arthritis, severe skin and allergic conditions, respiratory and blood disorders, gastrointestinal ailments and malignant conditions.

44
Q

growth hormone release-inhibiting factor

A

manufactured given to treat gastrointestinal symptoms associated w/ acromegaly and other tumors

45
Q

heparin

A

natural anticoagulant purified from pig intestine or bovine lung, fragmin, lovenox self-injected subcutaneously daily basis

46
Q

Lithium

A

drug used to stabilize mood swings and unpredictable behavior of people w/ bipolar disorder

47
Q

local/regional anesthetic

A

particular region asleep

48
Q

meglitinides

A

oral antidiabetic stimulate the beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin

49
Q

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

increase length of time neurotransmitters work by blocking monoamine oxidase

50
Q

non-insulin injectable medication

A

stimulate cells in pancreas to make and release insulin

51
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

non-narcotic analgesic, act on tissues to inhibit prostaglandins

52
Q

omeprazole (prilosec)

A

stops acid production by proton pump inhibition

53
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

approved for osteoporosis treatment, stimulates new bone growth

54
Q

progestins

A

prescribed for abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance

55
Q

selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

A

increase bone formation, treat postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer; tamoxifen/raloxifene

56
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors

A

oral antidiabetic cause body to excrete glucose in urine

57
Q

sulfonylureas

A

oral antidiabetic drug lower levels of glucose in blood by stimulating production of insulin

58
Q

thiazolidinediones

A

oral antidiabetic enhance glucose uptake into tissues

59
Q

thyroid hormone

A

administered when low output of hormone form thyroid gland

60
Q

tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

dissolves blood clots used to open vessels after myocardial infarction

61
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)/Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

largest class of antidepressants; increase action of neurotransmitters blocking removal from synapses

62
Q

amphetamine

A

central nervous system stimulant

63
Q

anticonvulsant

A

prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)

64
Q

cathartic

A

relieves constipation

65
Q

emetic

A

promotes vomiting

66
Q

endocrine drug

A

hormone-like drug

67
Q

hypnotic

A

produces sleep or a trance-like state

68
Q

laxative

A

weak cathartic

69
Q

purgative

A

relieves constipation; strong cathartic

70
Q

sedative

A

mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep

71
Q

benzodiazepine

A

sedative

72
Q

tranquilizer

A

controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior

MCO201A (19 decks)

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