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RACP > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

CYP3A4 inhibitors. Name 5

A

Erythromycin, Isoniazid, Chloramphenicol, Ca blocker, Cimetidine

Will increase Carbamazepine

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2
Q

CYP3A4 inducers. Name 5

A

Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin, Primidone, St John’s wort, Carbamazepine

Can reduce efficacy of OCP

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3
Q

Which drug will cause lamotrigine toxicity when combined?

A

Sodium valproate

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4
Q

Which drug will reduce lamotrigine levels when combined?

A

Phenytoin

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5
Q

What are the side effects of Phenytoin?

A

Osteoporosis, ataxia, nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of facial features, loss of libido, hormone dysfunction, bone marrow hyperplasia

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6
Q

Valproate - congenital defects?

A

Congenital heart, neural tube, urogenital and cleft lip/palates

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7
Q

Mechanism(s) of Topiramate?

A

Blocks voltage dep Na channels
Enhances GABA(A) receptor activity
NMDA-glutamate antagonist
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in CNS

Assoc. weight gain

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8
Q

Anti-epileptics that cause weight gain (3)

A

Pregabalin
Valproate
Vigabatrin

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9
Q

SE of Vigabatrin?

A

Drowsiness, weight gain, visual field change and neuropsych

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10
Q

CYP2C9 inhibitors?

A

Valproate

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11
Q

Indication and Mechanism of Amantidine?

A

Used in Parkinsons’ with other drugs.

Increases dop release, inhibits dop reuptake, stimulates dop-R. NMDA-R antagonist

SE: Confusion, hallucinations and nightmares

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12
Q

Indication and mechanism of Entacapone?

A

Used in Parkinson’s for end of dose “off periods”. COMT inhibitor – reduces peripheral and central methylation of Levodopa (i.e. prevents breakdown), increasing half life of Levodopa

SE: Dyskinesia, hallucinations, confusion, nausea, orthostatic hypotension

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13
Q

Indication and mechanism of Pramipexole?

A

Parkinson’s. Dopamine agonist

SE: Gambling, compulsive shopping/hypersexuality

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14
Q

Mechanism of Aspirin?

A

Irreversible inhibition of COX1/2 - suppresses production of PG and thromboxane - inhibits platelet aggregation

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15
Q

Mechanism of Clopidogrel?

A

ADP-R blocker - prevent activation of GPIIb/IIIa-R complex

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16
Q

Mechanism of Bivalirudin?

A

Reversible direct thrombin inhibitor

17
Q

Mechanism of Fondaparinux or LMWH

A

Factor Xa inhibitor
Increases activity of antithrombin III, hence inhibiting Factor Xa

18
Q

Meds to avoid in Torsades?

A

Class Ia: Quinidine, Procainamide
Class Ic: Flecanide
Class III: Sotalol, Amiodarone

19
Q

Mechanism of Abciximab>

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Irreversible

20
Q

Mechanism of Evolocumab?

A

Monoclonal ab inhbits PCSK9 - lowers LDL by 60% when added to statin

21
Q

Mechanism of Inclisiran?

A

Blocks PCSK9 synthesis - reduces LDL

RACP (12 decks)

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