Pharmacology Flashcards
CYP3A4 inhibitors. Name 5
Erythromycin, Isoniazid, Chloramphenicol, Ca blocker, Cimetidine
Will increase Carbamazepine
CYP3A4 inducers. Name 5
Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin, Primidone, St John’s wort, Carbamazepine
Can reduce efficacy of OCP
Which drug will cause lamotrigine toxicity when combined?
Sodium valproate
Which drug will reduce lamotrigine levels when combined?
Phenytoin
What are the side effects of Phenytoin?
Osteoporosis, ataxia, nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of facial features, loss of libido, hormone dysfunction, bone marrow hyperplasia
Valproate - congenital defects?
Congenital heart, neural tube, urogenital and cleft lip/palates
Mechanism(s) of Topiramate?
Blocks voltage dep Na channels
Enhances GABA(A) receptor activity
NMDA-glutamate antagonist
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in CNS
Assoc. weight gain
Anti-epileptics that cause weight gain (3)
Pregabalin
Valproate
Vigabatrin
SE of Vigabatrin?
Drowsiness, weight gain, visual field change and neuropsych
CYP2C9 inhibitors?
Valproate
Indication and Mechanism of Amantidine?
Used in Parkinsons’ with other drugs.
Increases dop release, inhibits dop reuptake, stimulates dop-R. NMDA-R antagonist
SE: Confusion, hallucinations and nightmares
Indication and mechanism of Entacapone?
Used in Parkinson’s for end of dose “off periods”. COMT inhibitor – reduces peripheral and central methylation of Levodopa (i.e. prevents breakdown), increasing half life of Levodopa
SE: Dyskinesia, hallucinations, confusion, nausea, orthostatic hypotension
Indication and mechanism of Pramipexole?
Parkinson’s. Dopamine agonist
SE: Gambling, compulsive shopping/hypersexuality
Mechanism of Aspirin?
Irreversible inhibition of COX1/2 - suppresses production of PG and thromboxane - inhibits platelet aggregation
Mechanism of Clopidogrel?
ADP-R blocker - prevent activation of GPIIb/IIIa-R complex
