Pharmacology Flashcards
morphine overdose
naloxone
antagonist (antídoto)for benzodiazepines
flumazenil
Medication cause bony sequestrum
Aledronate,
Below which level of absolute neutrophil
<500 no puedes hacer nada
Cell Directly attacked by the virus
Cd4
Bioavailability
It’s part of absorption, proportion that is successfully absorbed into systemic circulation
Pharmacokinetics
Administración
Absorption
Distribution
Excretion
Anestésico local afecta
Los canales de sodio
Zero order kinetics
Alcohol, aspirinz phenytoin teofilina
Potency
Strength of a drug at particular dosage
Receptor in the ANS
Cholinergic, adrenergic
Glándulas salivales tiene receptores
Parasimpatetica y simpática
Adrenergic receptors
A1 smooth muscle contracción
A2 vasodilation
B1 heart
B2 smooth muscle pulmones
Uso del Albuterol y acción
Broncodilatador
Emergency B2
farmacos selectivos adrenergic receptor blockers
b1 metroprolol, atenolol
a1 prazosin, terzosinm doxazosin
efecto adrenalina en presencia de a blocker
solo activa receptores B. siendo b 2 la mayor respuesta.
used in dentistry to reverse soft rissue anesthesia more quickly after procedures involving a local anesthetic with vasocontrictor
phentolamine
increase the vasocontrictor response to E but reduce the tachycardia resulting from E
B blockers
inhabit the vasocontrictor response to E and levonordefrin
A bloquers
encima que degrada acetilcolina
acetylcholinesterasa.
Que hace el parasimpatico en glandulas la salivacion
estimula
Como actúa colinergic agonist
mimic the effects of postganglinic cholinergic nerves
tx xerostomia.
miosis bradycardia,
an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV/AIDS
zidovudine
Corticosteriods can cause
Corticosteriods can cause peptic ulcers
pilocarpine (pizzo)
agonsitsa M
estimula saliva o gotas de los ojos
useful drug to induce salivation is one which has properties that are
cholinergic
neostigmine
inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
antagonizing cholinesterase
neostigmine
predominant mode of radiaion induced death
apoptosis
low radiosensitivty
neurons muscle
high radiosensitivitytissue most uceptible to radiation
blood forming tissue
most radiosensitive
reproductive organs
relative to radiation biology, the latent period is that period between
exposure to radiation and the apperance of clinical syntoms
efecto estocastico
leucemia
antimuscarinicoreduce salivary flow
atropine
contraindication for using atropine
glaucoma, prostata hypertrophy, paralytic ileus
benzatropine
reduce parkinton disease
atropine and propantheline exert theri effects on perihereal structures by
competing with acerycholine for receptor sites
ganglionic blocking agent
mecamylamine
succinycholine
prevent laryngospasm and as a skeletal muscle relaxant during surgery
organophosphate insecticides and nerve gases inhibit the action of
acetylcholinesterase
cholingergic stimulation kill the bugs and me
indicated to trat pseudomonas infection
tiacarcillin
adverse effect of phenthiazine
xerostomia
Intrinsic activity
maximal effect of a drug
efficancy
effect of a drug as a function of level of binding to its receptor
the lower the K the____ the affinity
higher
The following effects result from what type of pharmacological agent:
Lower blood pressure Vasodilation
Orthostatic hypotension
alpha adrenergic receptor blocker
A drug that reduces the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is called a:
sympatholytic
adrenergic receptors are predominantly located on:
presynaptic nerve terminals
efecto colateral antipsychotics… haloperidol
tardive dyskinesia
inhibit seletive dopamine and serotonin receptor
antipsychotics
adverse motor effects of antypsychotic
dystonias
akathisia
parkinsionism
perioral tremor
malignat syndrome
antypsychotic drugs afectr
basil ganglie
inhibit reuptake NE and 5HT
antidepressant- tricyclic antidepressants
tx neuralgia trigemino.
sharp pain
carbamazepine
lithium toxicity sintoms
tyroid enargment, nausea, convulsions , polydipsia, polyuria
antagonist for benzodiazepines
flumazenil
mecanismo de accion de diazepam
agonista gaba
congtraindicada,
asthma, pregnanct, glaucoma y hepatic problems
triazolam
amnesia
antidoto opioide
naloxone
benefit of iv sedetantion
the ability to titrar dose (poder regular )
sensation before nitrous oxide sedation
tingling sensation
action of antipileptic drugs
inhibition of sodium channels, t ype calcium channels
parkinson disease tx
cabidopa l dopa
amantadine
medicamento para grand mal seizures
phenytoin
antibiotic interaccion diazepam
clarithromycin
reverse te pressor action of adrenaline
epinephrine reversal
effects alpha blocker
eccine sweat gland are primarly innervated by which nerve fibers
sympathetic cholinergic
tetraciclin with longest half life , prevent malaria and lym disease
doxycycline
bacteriostatic antibiotics
we are ECSTATC
erytomycin
clindamicin
sulfonamides
teraciclines
azitromycin
timetrhoprim
cholampehicol
bacteriocidal antibiotics
vancomycin
fluoroqunolones
penicilins
aminoglycosides
cephalosporins
metronidazole
me
van a
cep-arar
aMI
flor de
peni
amyl nitrite for a prolonged period of time may result in
methemoglobinemia
effective drug of choice for
an ACUTE ANGINA PECTORIS ATTACK
Nitroglycerin/Nitrostat (Amyl Nitrate
b bloqueadores no mezclar ..interaccion (propanolol)
asthma or COPD
albuterol
ace inhibitor
captopril
enalapril maleate
dysgeusia –lisinopril (altered taste sensation)
efectiviness of ace inhibitor is decreased ibuprofen
medical uses of ace
hypertension
ANAPHYLAXIS TX
AEIOU
Albuterol
epinephrine 0,3 mg 1:1000
IM antihistamine
oxygen
yoU CALL 911
AMIDES
LIDOCAINE
BUPIVACAINE
MEPIVACAINE
ARTICAINE
PRILOCAINE
LIVER
ESTERES
PROCAINE
COCAINE
TETRACAINE
BENZOCAINE
MORE TOXIC, MORE ALLERGIC
sintete plasma
Atropine is an anticholinergic agent used to reduce salivary flow. Common side effects of atropine include
BLURRED vision
example of anticholinergic
atropine
produce methemglobinemia
prilocaina
tx methgonemia
azul de metileno
not safe in children
bupivacaina
local anesthetic subject to inactivation by plsma esteres
procaine
anestesic accion prolongada
bupivaaina
increased the action of lidocaine
propanolol
has the longest half-life of the tetracycline group
Doxycycline
is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. It binds to the 30S
Tetracycline
antibiotics is most commonly associated with aplastic anemia?
Chlorafenicol
Moa Rivaroxaban:
Factor Xa
Mumps:
Droplets
Action nitroglycerin:
Relaxes smooth muscle of vessels
Oral drug sedation for kids:
Midazolam
Check coagulation pt with hepatic problem
Vitamina K
Check coagulation pt with warfarin:
Inr
Max dose of acetaminophen
4g
Moa omeprazole
Proton pump
Pain killer pt alcoholic, was opioids addict and have liver problems
NSAID, no
acetaminophen as choice
Best drug for cardiac arrest, the first one:
Nitroglycerin
which drug group inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2
NSAID
Appropriate inr for warfarin
2-3
.angular cheilitis, treatment for this pt
Ketoconazol
Antihistamínicos h1
Promethazine
Sulfonamides are similar
Para aminobenzoic acid paba
Candida,which drug could produce it
Corticosteroides
AUMENTA TOXICIDAD CON WARFARINA
phenibutazone (
antidoto del acetaminophen
n acetylcysteine
antipsicotico que receptores bloquean
dophamina, serotonina
efecto secundario y razon del diazepman
tromboflebitis.
compuesto Propylene glycol
Contraindication propanol
Asma
has the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity?
• ticarcillin
Which of the following interacts adversely with amoxicillin?
methotrexate,
AIM ACUTE asthma attack
Albuterol
Pratropium
Methylprednisolone
Asmathic patients avoid
B blockers
NSAID
Ibuprofeno
Therapeutic doses of morphine administers intramusculary may produce
Constipación.
Tx xerostomia
Pilocarpine
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesist by hating of the following enzymes
Traspeptidase
O sea los ladrillos de la pared celular
Verrills sign
Droopy eyes
Halfway ptosis of the upper eyelid
Momento perfecto para trabajar
First kine drug ti be used to treat bradycardia
Atropine
Que es ketoacidosis
Exceso cuerpo cetonico por hiperglucemia
diabetes 1
Anticuerpos
Causas de hyperglicemia
4s
Estrés
Sepsis
Steroids
Skip insulin
A1c test normal
5.7
Prediabetes 6.5 or higher diabetes
mechanism f action insulin
reduces blood glucose by increasingits uptake and increasing conversion to glycgen and lipid
reduce lipolusos
increases protein synthesis and cell growth
insulina short acting lag
lispro
aspart
glulisine
LAG
principal mecanismo de sulfonilureas
hypoglicemia,
cierra canales de potasio en la membrana celular de las celulas beta
efectos adversos insulina
signo godet positivo
hypoglicemia
problemas gastrointestinales
sulfonylureas usos
diabetico tipo 2
metformina
mp kinasa usada por diabetes tipo 2
GLP 1 que regula
regula apetito y niveles azucar
disminuye glucagon
aumento insulina
los inhibidores de DPP4— inhibes indirectamente la GLP1
increase GLP1 indirectly
used in type 2 diabetes
glucocorticoide mas potente
dexametasona
gluceneogenesis apartir de aminoacidosso de glucocorticosteroides
inflammatory disease
collagen diseases
cerebral edema
sclerosis multiple
rheumatic disease
asthma
efectos adversos glucocorticosteroides
(recuerda que actua en citoquina)
sss
sepsis
mucosal atrophy
muscle wasting
osteoporosis
sugar increased swollen
sight
methotrexate for
rheumatoid arthritis y causa thrombocytopenia
Blocks the release of a
neurotransmitter.
botulinum toxin
Inhibits an enzyme that metabolizes a neurotransmitter inside the nerve.
tarylcypromine
Stimulates the release of
a neurotransmitter from
the cytoplasmic pool.
amphetamine
What is the mechanism of the analgesic action of
aspirin?
inhibits COX
Which class of antihypertensive drug most effectively
reduces the release of renin from the kidney?
b adrenergic receptor bloquer
The administration of ______ results in “epinephrine reversal” (decrease in blood pressure from epinephrine) if given before administration of epinephrine.
phentolamine
Oral antacids are most likely to reduce the absorption
of which of the following drugs when given orally?
tetracycline
Inhibition of which enzyme is most
responsible for the cell wall synthesis inhibitory effect of penicillin G?
transpeptidase
What events would occur after a submucosal injection
of phentolamine in the oral cavity
1 Blockade of α-adrenergic receptors
2 Blockade of the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine
released from neurons
3 Antagonism of the vasoconstrictor effect of a
subsequent injection of epinephrine in the same
area of the oral cavity during the same dental
appointment
Lisinopril inhibits
ACE
drugs that antagonize the effect of pilocarpine
on salivary flow rate.
OXYBUTYN
BENZOTROPINE
TOLTERODINE
Nerve injury tx:
medal Dosepak sterid
Epinephrine is contraindicated with:
Hyperthyroidism
bifosfonates acts in
osteoclast
ranitidine is a
selective H2
What is lithium used for?
Psychotic stage of bipolar
Problem in liver which benzo to give - LOT-
LOT- lorazepam, oxazepam n temazepam
Mech of action of nystatin
inhibit ergosterol
Which drug increase the effect of amoxicillin
Probenecid
IV bisphosphonates needs ext:
RCT then coronotomy and s
tx anxiety
resporatory alkalosis
staphylo aureus
cavernous sinos thrombosis
What make penicillin allergic
Beta lactame ring
Overdose cocaine
mydriasis
Mg …sedation IV midazolam
2mg
sedation iv diazepam
10 mg
most common cause of fever within 24 hr of general anesthesia
atelectasis
pneumotosis
Epi reversal?
Phentolamine
medication for alchoholic
OXYCODONE
Adverse effect of codiene.
Miosis, nausea
Antibiotic for sinusitis
Augmentin
recuerda…
Narcotic analgesics DO NOT cause peptic ulcers or insomnia.
c:
used as an analgesic in a patient exhibiting an opioid dependence?
methadone
albuterol MOA
B2 antagonist ( broncodilatador )
test HBV
HBsAg
opioid is agonist and antagonist
busperiphine
Cycloplegia, or paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, can be caused by
muscarinic receptor antagonis
homatropine bromide.
antibiotics is most commonly associated with aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
Which class of antihypertensive drugs inhibits the release of renin from the kidney?
β-adrenergic receptor blockers
Cardiac glycosides are known to decrease the concentration of
Potassium (K+)
barbiturates has the highest lipid solubility, allowing for rapid onset of its neurological effects?
Thiopental
categories contains the substances ephedrine, tyramine, and amphetamine?
Indirect sympathomimetics
For a pediatric patient being treated for seizures, discontinuing use of which drugs may induce spontaneous gingival hemorrhage or acute stomatitis?
Valproic acid
Neuromuscular blockade of the phrenic nerve can be caused by extremely high doses of
streptomycin
tetracycline class drugs should only be taken once daily due to its long half-life?
doxycycline
Ototoxicity is a serious side effect seen with
gentamycin
most often associated with increased sensitivity of the skin to the sun’s rays?
demeclocyclin
substance alters the cell membrane permeability and nueromuscular junction once the threshold stimulus has been achieved?
acetylcholine
β-adrenergic agent that produces the greatest bronchodilation effect?
Isoproterenol
Eccrine sweat glands are primarily innervated by which nerve fibers?
sympathetic-cholinergic
physiologic effects can occur after the administration of a cholinomimetic drug?
Increased salivation
taking iboprogen (advil) during the third trimester is associated with increased risk of
premature ductual closure
make scooped out
digoxin
Opioid type of receptor
Mu receptor
Systemic fungal
fluconazole
Used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, esophageal reflux, and gastritis.
H2 bloquers
The therapeutic index of a drug is determined by using what formula?
LD50/ED50
The therapeutic index is the lethal dose of a drug for 50% of the population divided by the effective dose of a drug for 50% of the population. It is a comparison of the amount of an agent that causes a therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects.
describes the mechanism of action of carbamazepine
Blocks high-frequency Na+ spikes
What is the mechanism of action of sertraline (Zoloft®)?
It blocks the reuptake of serotonin
Tylenol kids
10/15 mg kg
Allergic to ester and amida
Benadrill
Overdose of LA
Diazepam
Mechanism of action of Nystatin
Inhibit erogesterol
Max efect of amoxicillin
Probenecid
Drug not with milk
Tetraciclina
Overdose of organophosphate
Pralidoxime
Action heparin
Formation fibrin BB
Only opioid transmucosa
Fentanyl
Overdose of morphine
Naloxone
Albuterol side effect
Anxiety
Ledronate use in
Pagets, osteoporosis
thiopental (barbituates)
penetrate the blood brain barrier
tx bradycardia
atropine
tx for anug
penicilin v metronida
sarcoidosis similar to
granulomatus
aspirin
arb inhibitors
Metoprolol is a
cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker that competitively inhibits β1 receptors specific to cardiac cells.
Metoprolol is often used to treat hypertension, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation/flutter.
Metformin (Glucophage®) how works
Inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver
What is the mechanism of action of argatroban?
Direct thrombin Inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of Captopril?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
ace
possible side effect of antirheumatic drug
infection
What is the general mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
They act at GABA receptors and hyperpolarize the neuron
moa dexamethasone
agonist on glucocorticoid receptors
