Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-Metabolites class action and 2 agents

A

Inhibit/impair cell proliferation by mimicking natural compounds necessary for DNA/RNA synthesis

Methotrexate + 5-flurouracil

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2
Q

Alkylating Agents class action and agent name (1)

A

Chemicals that covalently attach alkyl groups to DNA, damaging the DNA through a variety of rxns, including cross-linking DNA strands

Cyclophosphamide

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3
Q

Platinum Compounds drug agent (1) and action

A

Cisplatin

Form cross-linkages in DNA molecules, inhibiting replication and cell-growth

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4
Q

Microtubule Inhibitors class action and (2) agent names

A

Either prevent polymerization or prevent depolymerization

Vinca alkaloids (vinblastine) + Taxanes (patlitaxel)

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5
Q

Topoisomerase Inhibitors class action and (2) agents

A

Disrupts process of coiling, uncoiling, and replicating DNA, generating single and double stranded breaks in DNA, damaging the DNA, and preventing cell replication.

Anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin) + Podophyllotoxin derivatives (etoposide/teniposide)

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6
Q

Methotrexate MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Folate analog that inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR). Prevents formation of tetrahydrofolate required for formation of nucleotides)

Adverse effects: Hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, teratogenic (pregnancy category X)

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7
Q

What other conditions are Methotrexate used for?

A

Termination of ectopic pregnancy, and in low doses for inflammatory conditions like RA and psoriasis

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8
Q

5-fluorouracil (systemic/topical) MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Pyrimidine analog that interferes with biosynthesis of thymine

Adverse effects: (Systemic) Cardiotoxicity, GI ulcer, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome), neurotoxicity. (Topical) Severe skin inflammation

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9
Q

5-fluorouracil is used to treat what conditions?

A

Variety of cancers, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis

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10
Q

Cyclophosphamide MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Chemicals that covalently attach alkyl groups to DNA through a variety of rxns, including cross-linking DNA strands

Adverse effects: Hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, mutagenic, carcinogenic

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11
Q

What conditions is cyclophosphamide used for?

A

Hematologic and solid cancers, autoimmune diseases, organ rejection

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12
Q

Cisplatin MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Form cross-linkages in DNA molecules, inhibiting replication and cell-growth

Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity (dose-limiting toxicity), neurotoxicity resulting in peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, vertigo

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13
Q

What conditions is cisplatin used for

A

GU cancers (bladder, testes, ovaries, lung cancer

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14
Q

VInca alkaloid (vinblastine) MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Inhibit tubulin polymerization

Adverse effects: (Vinca alkaloids) Peripheral neuropathy, HTN, constipation. (Vinblastine) Bone marrow suppression is dose-limiting

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15
Q

Taxanes (patlitaxel) MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Taxanes promote polymerization of tubulin monomers, causing build-up of stable, non-functional microtubules. Prevents formation of spindle apparatus and blocks cell division.

Adverse effects: (Taxanes) Peripheral neuropathy, myalgias, hypersensitivity rxns. Myelosuppression is severe, and dose-limiting toxicities are due to low WBC counts.

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16
Q

What conditions are taxanes used for?

A

Ovarian, breast, lung cancer, and more

17
Q

Anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin) “The Red Devil” MOA and adverse effects

A

MOA: Anthracyclines have several MOA. In addition to inhibiting topoisomerase, it causes formation of free radicals

Adverse effects: Dose-limiting cardiotoxicity (irreversible), hand-foot syndrome. Strong vesicant (blistering agent), and extravasation during IV therapy. Can cause tissue necrosis.

18
Q

Podophyllotoxin derivatives (etoposide, teniposide) side effects and conditions they are used to treat

A

Adverse effects: Severe bone marrow suppression

Conditions: Lung and testicular cancer, lymphomas, glioblastoma

19
Q

What is the target of most antineoplastic drugs?

A

DNA replication and cell division

20
Q

Why are chemotherapeutic drugs given in combination, rather than as single agents?

A

Allows for synergy between drugs, and prevents drug resistance

21
Q

What is tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Lysed cell contents in the blood stream lead to a gout like reaction, electrolyte imbalance, hyperuricemia, acute uric acid nephropathy.

22
Q

What chemotherapy drugs are found in TAC?

A
  • Taxotere - Docetaxel (microtubule inhibitor)
  • Adriamycin - Hydrochloride
  • Cyclophosphamide
23
Q

What side effects of these drugs are common to all cytotoxic drugs?

A

Alopecia, GI disturbance, fatigue, skin rash

24
Q

What side effects are specific to each of the drugs in TAC?

A
  • Taxotere - Peripheral neuropathy, myalgia
  • Adriamycin - Heart conditions
  • Cyclophosphamide - Hemorrhagic cystitis, cardio toxicity, hepatotoxicity