Pharmacology Flashcards
Anti-Metabolites class action and 2 agents
Inhibit/impair cell proliferation by mimicking natural compounds necessary for DNA/RNA synthesis
Methotrexate + 5-flurouracil
Alkylating Agents class action and agent name (1)
Chemicals that covalently attach alkyl groups to DNA, damaging the DNA through a variety of rxns, including cross-linking DNA strands
Cyclophosphamide
Platinum Compounds drug agent (1) and action
Cisplatin
Form cross-linkages in DNA molecules, inhibiting replication and cell-growth
Microtubule Inhibitors class action and (2) agent names
Either prevent polymerization or prevent depolymerization
Vinca alkaloids (vinblastine) + Taxanes (patlitaxel)
Topoisomerase Inhibitors class action and (2) agents
Disrupts process of coiling, uncoiling, and replicating DNA, generating single and double stranded breaks in DNA, damaging the DNA, and preventing cell replication.
Anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin) + Podophyllotoxin derivatives (etoposide/teniposide)
Methotrexate MOA and adverse effects
MOA: Folate analog that inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR). Prevents formation of tetrahydrofolate required for formation of nucleotides)
Adverse effects: Hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, teratogenic (pregnancy category X)
What other conditions are Methotrexate used for?
Termination of ectopic pregnancy, and in low doses for inflammatory conditions like RA and psoriasis
5-fluorouracil (systemic/topical) MOA and adverse effects
MOA: Pyrimidine analog that interferes with biosynthesis of thymine
Adverse effects: (Systemic) Cardiotoxicity, GI ulcer, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome), neurotoxicity. (Topical) Severe skin inflammation
5-fluorouracil is used to treat what conditions?
Variety of cancers, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis
Cyclophosphamide MOA and adverse effects
MOA: Chemicals that covalently attach alkyl groups to DNA through a variety of rxns, including cross-linking DNA strands
Adverse effects: Hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, mutagenic, carcinogenic
What conditions is cyclophosphamide used for?
Hematologic and solid cancers, autoimmune diseases, organ rejection
Cisplatin MOA and adverse effects
MOA: Form cross-linkages in DNA molecules, inhibiting replication and cell-growth
Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity (dose-limiting toxicity), neurotoxicity resulting in peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, vertigo
What conditions is cisplatin used for
GU cancers (bladder, testes, ovaries, lung cancer
VInca alkaloid (vinblastine) MOA and adverse effects
MOA: Inhibit tubulin polymerization
Adverse effects: (Vinca alkaloids) Peripheral neuropathy, HTN, constipation. (Vinblastine) Bone marrow suppression is dose-limiting
Taxanes (patlitaxel) MOA and adverse effects
MOA: Taxanes promote polymerization of tubulin monomers, causing build-up of stable, non-functional microtubules. Prevents formation of spindle apparatus and blocks cell division.
Adverse effects: (Taxanes) Peripheral neuropathy, myalgias, hypersensitivity rxns. Myelosuppression is severe, and dose-limiting toxicities are due to low WBC counts.
