Cancer Genetics Flashcards
Which cancer has the highest risk of developing associated with a genetic alteration?
Colon Cancer
(T or F) Acquired (somatic) mutations can be passed onto offspring.
False
(T or F) Germline mutations are present in every cell in the body.
True
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hereditary cancer?
- High rates of metastasis
- High risk of multiple primary cancers
- Early identification and prevention is key
- Multiple family members affected
High rates of metastasis
Genetic testing:
- Can only be done with blood samples
- Identifies genes susceptible to cancer
- Is referred when an individual has more than one primary cancer
- Looks for one mutation at a time
Is referred when an individual has more than one primary cancer
Males with BRCA 1 and 2 mutations have an established association of developing what type of cancers?
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer
An inherited gene is most likely in a female who has:
- Both grandmothers and a mother with breast cancer
- A father with prostate cancer and two sisters with breast cancer
- Several cousins with ovarian and breast cancer
- A father with colon cancer and a mother with breast cancer
A father with prostate cancer and two sisters with breast cancer
Which BRCA gene mutation has a greater impact on the risk of developing breast cancer? BRCA1 or BRCA 2?
BRCA1
Identification and assessment of a genetic mutation through testing aids in cancer treatment when:
- Patients with high-risk mutations refuse treatment
- The type of mutation guides the chemotherapeutic efficacy
- Mutations are associated with metastasis patterns and prophylactic radiation can be performed on the tissue
- Clarifying between primary and secondary cancers
The type of mutation guides the chemotherapeutic efficacy
(T or F) Colon cancer develops from a single mutation
False
Which of the following is not one of the four mismatch repair genes associated with Lynch syndrome?
- MLH1
- MSH6
- PMS2
- EPCAM
EPCAM
Lynch syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing:
Colorectal cancer
Which is not associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer?
- KRAS
- BRAF
- RAS
- EGFR
KRAS
Most gene mutations related to prostate cancer are (Acquired/Inherited)?
Acquired
What is associated with the greatest risk of pancreatic cancer?
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Which mutation has the largest impact on the risk for stomach cancer?
CIN
Which type of melanoma has the highest frequency of occurrence?
Non-CSD (Chronic sun induced damage)
EGFR appears in _________% of non-small-cell lung carcinomas?
10-20%
How are genetic tests generally taken for lung cancer?
From biopsy samples
What genetic mutation is most associated with lung cancer?
Unknown
MTHFR 677TT genotype is related to a 2-fold increased risk of:
ALL
(T or F) The “Philadelphia chromosome” present in CML is a germline mutation.
False
(T or F) JAK2 mutation is mostly found in essential thrombocytosis and rarely found in polycythemia vera.
False
(T or F) MTHFR is highly associated with a number of diseases and is often tested for in clinical practice.
False
What is the ultimate goal of germline testing?
To identify at risk individuals
Which of the following is NOT a situation isn’t which ASCO recommends genetic testing?
- An individual has concerns about passing on a germline mutation
- The results will help with a diagnosis of with the management of a condition
- A test will clearly show a specific genetic change
- A personal or family suggests a genetic cause of cancer
An individual has concerns about passing on a germline mutation
When should genetic counseling occur?
Both before and after genetic testing
(T or F) Providing a family pedigree is a component of the pre-test genetic counseling
True
Which of the following is NOT one of the potential results of genetic testing?
- Inconclusive
- Positive for variant of unknown significance
- Negative for variant of unknown significance
- Positive for mutation
Negative for variant of unknown significance
A negative result on a genetic test is most helpful when
- An individual has a past history of cancer
- There is a known gene mutation in the family
- Cancer is unresponsive to current treatments
- An individual does not know their family history
There is a known gene mutation in the family
