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Oncology > Cancer Genetics > Flashcards

Cancer Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Which cancer has the highest risk of developing associated with a genetic alteration?

A

Colon Cancer

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2
Q

(T or F) Acquired (somatic) mutations can be passed onto offspring.

A

False

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3
Q

(T or F) Germline mutations are present in every cell in the body.

A

True

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4
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of hereditary cancer?

  1. High rates of metastasis
  2. High risk of multiple primary cancers
  3. Early identification and prevention is key
  4. Multiple family members affected
A

High rates of metastasis

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5
Q

Genetic testing:

  1. Can only be done with blood samples
  2. Identifies genes susceptible to cancer
  3. Is referred when an individual has more than one primary cancer
  4. Looks for one mutation at a time
A

Is referred when an individual has more than one primary cancer

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6
Q

Males with BRCA 1 and 2 mutations have an established association of developing what type of cancers?

A

Breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer

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7
Q

An inherited gene is most likely in a female who has:

  1. Both grandmothers and a mother with breast cancer
  2. A father with prostate cancer and two sisters with breast cancer
  3. Several cousins with ovarian and breast cancer
  4. A father with colon cancer and a mother with breast cancer
A

A father with prostate cancer and two sisters with breast cancer

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8
Q

Which BRCA gene mutation has a greater impact on the risk of developing breast cancer? BRCA1 or BRCA 2?

A

BRCA1

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9
Q

Identification and assessment of a genetic mutation through testing aids in cancer treatment when:

  1. Patients with high-risk mutations refuse treatment
  2. The type of mutation guides the chemotherapeutic efficacy
  3. Mutations are associated with metastasis patterns and prophylactic radiation can be performed on the tissue
  4. Clarifying between primary and secondary cancers
A

The type of mutation guides the chemotherapeutic efficacy

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10
Q

(T or F) Colon cancer develops from a single mutation

A

False

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11
Q

Which of the following is not one of the four mismatch repair genes associated with Lynch syndrome?

  1. MLH1
  2. MSH6
  3. PMS2
  4. EPCAM
A

EPCAM

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12
Q

Lynch syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing:

A

Colorectal cancer

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13
Q

Which is not associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer?

  1. KRAS
  2. BRAF
  3. RAS
  4. EGFR
A

KRAS

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14
Q

Most gene mutations related to prostate cancer are (Acquired/Inherited)?

A

Acquired

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15
Q

What is associated with the greatest risk of pancreatic cancer?

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

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16
Q

Which mutation has the largest impact on the risk for stomach cancer?

A

CIN

17
Q

Which type of melanoma has the highest frequency of occurrence?

A

Non-CSD (Chronic sun induced damage)

18
Q

EGFR appears in _________% of non-small-cell lung carcinomas?

A

10-20%

19
Q

How are genetic tests generally taken for lung cancer?

A

From biopsy samples

20
Q

What genetic mutation is most associated with lung cancer?

A

Unknown

21
Q

MTHFR 677TT genotype is related to a 2-fold increased risk of:

A

ALL

22
Q

(T or F) The “Philadelphia chromosome” present in CML is a germline mutation.

A

False

23
Q

(T or F) JAK2 mutation is mostly found in essential thrombocytosis and rarely found in polycythemia vera.

A

False

24
Q

(T or F) MTHFR is highly associated with a number of diseases and is often tested for in clinical practice.

A

False

25
Q

What is the ultimate goal of germline testing?

A

To identify at risk individuals

26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a situation isn’t which ASCO recommends genetic testing?

  1. An individual has concerns about passing on a germline mutation
  2. The results will help with a diagnosis of with the management of a condition
  3. A test will clearly show a specific genetic change
  4. A personal or family suggests a genetic cause of cancer
A

An individual has concerns about passing on a germline mutation

27
Q

When should genetic counseling occur?

A

Both before and after genetic testing

28
Q

(T or F) Providing a family pedigree is a component of the pre-test genetic counseling

A

True

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the potential results of genetic testing?

  1. Inconclusive
  2. Positive for variant of unknown significance
  3. Negative for variant of unknown significance
  4. Positive for mutation
A

Negative for variant of unknown significance

30
Q

A negative result on a genetic test is most helpful when

  1. An individual has a past history of cancer
  2. There is a known gene mutation in the family
  3. Cancer is unresponsive to current treatments
  4. An individual does not know their family history
A

There is a known gene mutation in the family

Oncology (9 decks)

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