Pharmacology

Question 0

What are Aspirin’s AE?

Answer 0

1. Prolonged bleeding times

2. GI ulceration

Question 1

What is aspirin’s main TE or indications?

Answer 1

1. Antipyretic (prostaglandins inhibited in hypothalamus)
2. Analgesic
3. Anti-inflammatory
4. Anti-platelet (Inhibits blood clotting help prevent MI/thrombosis)

Question 2

What are Aspirin’s drug interactions?

Answer 2

1. Competes with warfarin (Coumadin) an anticoagulant
2. Displace Dilantin (phenytoin) anti seizure
3. Oral insulin at protein binding sites
4. Decreases methotrexate (CA) CRI trexate toxicity
5. Alcohol and aspirin CRI GI bleed

Question 3

Which COX is involved with inflammation?

Answer 3

COX-2

Question 4

NSAIDS SE?

Answer 4

1. Fluid retention
2. Decreased urine output (COX 1 inhibition)
3. GI irritation (less than ASA)

Question 5

Glucocorticosteroids indications?

Answer 5

1. Cortisol/hydrocortisone

2. Tx of RA, DJD,

Question 6

Glucocorticosteroids AE?

Answer 6

1. Adrenal insufficiency (CRF rapidly withdrawing steroids)
2. Immunosuppression
3. Depression, mood swings
4. Cataracts, increased intraocular pressure
5. Hyperglycemia
6. Osteoporosis
7. GI issues

Question 7

What is methotrexate?

Answer 7

DMARD: disease modifying anti rheumatic drug

Used with continuing inflammatory disease

Question 8

What are Anticytokines used for?

Answer 8

Anti-human tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Bind with TNF and inactivate it.

TNF directly involved with RA inflammation

Question 9

What are Cyclosporines?

Answer 9

Potent immunosuppressant that reduces T and B cell activation

**any change in pt’s RA or health status must be reported to PCP due to drug interactions

Question 10

What drug treatment can calcium interfere with?

Answer 10

Calcium binds with tetracycline

Question 11

What are biphosphonates used for?

Answer 11

Osteoporosis Tx

Question 12

What is Alendronate (Fosamax) for?

Answer 12

Osteoporosis Tx

Question 13

What is Risedronate (Actonel) for?

Answer 13

Osteoporosis Tx

Question 14

What does calcitonin hormone therapy do?

Answer 14

Diminished osteoclastic activity

Question 15

What is Etidronate (Didronel) used for?

Answer 15

1. Osteoporosis
2. Paget’s
3. Heterotopic Ossification

Question 16

What is diazepam?

Answer 16

Valium

Muscle relaxant

Question 17

What is Tizanidine (Zanaflex) for?

Answer 17

Muscle relaxant

Used mainly for Spasticity Tx

Question 18

What is dantrolene (Dantrium) for?

Answer 18

Muscle relaxant

Used for chronic spasticity

Question 19

What is acetaminophen and what is it used for?

Answer 19

Tylenol
Weak inhibitor of prostaglandins
Antipyretic
Mild-mod pain relief

**>4 g/day can cause fatal liver damage

Question 20

Thiazides are contraindicated for what population?

Answer 20

Elderly or anyone with renal dysfunction

Question 21

What is a thiazide med classification?

Answer 21

Diuretic
Inhibits tubular reabsorption of Na and Cl and increases urine output

End result: decreased vascular resistance

Question 22

Thiazides can increase what med in blood causes toxicity?

Answer 22

Lithium

Question 23

What do calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 23

Antihypertensive

Question 24

What do nitrates do?

Answer 24

Decrease cardiac workload

Angina Tx

Question 25

What do Ace inhibitors do?

Answer 25

Arterial vasodilation, decreased peripheral resistance & increased flow

Tx for heart failure
Usually first step in Tx L ventricular failure