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NPTE > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

0
Q

T2 MRI demonstrates what and is best used for what structures?

A

Demonstrates high water content (WWII)

Best for soft tissue structures

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1
Q

T1 MRI demonstrates what and is best used for what structures?

A

Demonstrates fat within tissues

Best for bony anatomy

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2
Q

Describe s/s with DJD

A
  1. Pain stiffness rising
  2. Pain eases through morning (4-5hrs)
  3. Pain increases with repetitive act
  4. Pain is “soreness an nagging”
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3
Q

Describe facet joint dysfunction s/s

A
  1. Stiff upon rising
  2. Loss of motion accompanied by pain
  3. Pain is sharp with certain mvmt
  4. Stationary positions increase s/s
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4
Q

Describe s/s of discal, with nerve root involvement

A
  1. No pain in reclined/semi reclined position
  2. Pain increases with WB activities
  3. Pain is shooting, burning, stabbing
  4. May have altered strength
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5
Q

Describe s/s of spinal stenosis

A
  1. Pain is related to position
  2. Flexed position decreases pain
  3. Extended increases pain
  4. Pain as numbness, tightness, cramping
  5. Walking any distance causes s/s
  6. Pain may persist for hours after assuming Reston position
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6
Q

Describe s/s of vascular claudication

A
  1. Pain is consistent in all spinal positions
  2. Pain brought on by exertion
  3. Relieved promptly c rest
  4. Pain described as numbness
  5. Usually has decreased/absent pulses
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7
Q

Describe s/s of neoplastic disease

A
  1. Describes pain as gnawing, intense, penetrating
  2. Pain not resolved by changes in position, time of day or activity level
  3. Pain will wake patient
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8
Q

How many degrees of elevation happen at GH vs scapulothoracic?

A

GH: 120 deg of elevation (abd or flex)
ST: 60 deg

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9
Q

Compression of what nerve and artery is involved in “crutch palsy?”

A

Radial nerve and ancillary artery

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10
Q

Describe Yergason’s test

A
  1. Tests integrity of transverse lig
  2. May also identify bicipital tendonosis/tendonopathy

*sitting, shldr neutral, elbow 90, 4arm pronated

**resist supination, and shldr ER

***long head biceps will pop out of groove

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11
Q

Describe Speed’s test

A
  1. IDs bicipital tendonosis/opathy
  • arm extended and supinated
  • *resisted shldr flexion
  • **reproduces pain in long head of biceps
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12
Q

What special tests, test bicipital tendonosis/opathy?

A
  1. Yergason’s
  2. Speed’s
  3. Neer’s (long head biceps & supraspinatus)
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13
Q

What special tests, test tear/impingement of supraspinatus?

A
  1. Empty can (supraspinatus & possible supra scapular nerve)

2. Neer’s

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14
Q

What special tests, tests full rotator cuff tear?

A
  1. Drop Arm Test

**slowly passively abducted to 120 deg; pt to slowly lower arm

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15
Q

What special tests, tests the labrum?

A
  1. Clunk test (push GH ant while ER)

2. Scour

16
Q

Froment’s sign tests what?

A

Identifies ulnar nerve dysfunction.

  • grasps paper between 1-2nd digits
  • *look for IP flexion which indicated weak adductor pollicis
17
Q

What is the normal amount that can be discriminated with the two point discrimination test?

A

6mm

18
Q

Ely’s tests what?

A

Identifies tight rectus femoris

*prone c knee at 90. Observe hip

19
Q

Craig’s tests what?

A

Abnormal femoral antetorsion angle

  • normal 8-15 deg of hip IR
    15 indicated anteverted
20
Q

Pivot shift tests what?

A

ACL, anterolateral rotary instability

  • hip flex abd to 30 c slight IR, knee ext
  • *place vagus force through knee while flexing knee
  • **tibia relocating at ~30-40deg “clunk” (reduced by IT Band)
21
Q

How do you test the lateral meniscus with Mcmurray’s?

A
  • Supine, knee max flex
  • *IR and extend knee
  • **click pop
22
Q

How do you test the medial meniscus with Mcmurray’s?

A
  • supine, knee max flex
  • *ER and Ext knee
  • **click/pop
23
Q

Apley’s tests what?

A

Helps differentiate between meniscus or ligament involvement

24
Q

Hughston’s tests what?

A

Plica syndrome

  • supine, knee flexed, tibia IR, patella passive medial glide
  • *flex an extend knee
  • **popping over medial fem condyle
25
Q

What’s the normal Q angle measurement?

A

13 deg for men

18 deg for women

26
Q

Noble compression tests what?

A

IT band friction syndrome

***pain over lateral fem condyle at ~30 deg flexion

27
Q

Thompson’s tests what?

A

Integrity of Achilles’ tendon

28
Q

Describe arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

A

Congenital
Limitation in joint motion
“Sausage-like” appearance of limbs

29
Q

Describe Osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  1. Inherited; autosomal dominant
  2. Abnormal collagen synthesis
  3. Unbalanced bone deposition/absorption
  4. Cortical/cancellous bone very thin & brittle
30
Q

Describe Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Separation of articular cartilage from underlying bone

*usually medial fem condyle near inter condylar notch

31
Q

Describe Myositis Ossificans

A
  1. Abnormal calcification within muscle belly

2. Can be induced by trauma (also, early mobilization and stretching following trauma)

32
Q

Describe CRPS 1

A
  1. Triggered by tissue injury

2. No underlying nerve injury

33
Q

Describe CRPS 2

A
  1. Clearly associated with nerve injury
34
Q

Describe Paget’s disease

A
  1. Thought to be linked to viral inf
  2. Metabolic bone disease
  3. Abnormal bone formation
  4. CRI spinal stenosis, facet arthropathy, spinal fractures

NPTE (8 decks)

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