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Year 2 DO Diploma Revision > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Noradrenaline

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3
Q

Full Agonists

A

Drugs that bind and fully activate the receptor

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4
Q

Partial Agonists

A

Drugs that bind to the receptor but not as effective as full agonist

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5
Q

Antagonists

A

Drugs that bind to the receptor but does not activate, these prevent neurotransmitters from activating.

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6
Q

Legal classifications: P

A

Pharmacy only

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7
Q

Legal classifications: POM

A

Prescription only medication

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8
Q

Legal classifications: GSL

A

General sale

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9
Q

Legal classifications: CD

A

Controlled drugs

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10
Q

What does MHRA stand for

A

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

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11
Q

What can a DO prescribe?

A

Chloramphenicol for bacterial conjunctivitis only

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol features: (3 points)

A
  • Anti-infective agent – stops bacteria multiplying
  • Applied topically
  • Not effective against other microorganisms
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13
Q

Chloramphenicol alternative

A

Fusidic acid - provided by Optoms only

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14
Q

How to reduce side effects

A

Compression at medial canthus for 2-3 minutes after installation

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15
Q

Action of Sphincter when constricted

A

Constricted pupil

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16
Q

Action of Dilator when constricted

A

Dilated pupil

17
Q

Parasympathetic or Sympathetic: Sphincter

A

Parasympathetic

18
Q

Parasympathetic or Sympathetic: Dilator

A

Sympathetic

19
Q

Parasympathetic or Sympathetic: Tropicamide

A

Parasympathetic

20
Q

Parasympathetic or Sympathetic: Phenylephrine

A

Sympathetic

21
Q

Two mydriasis drugs

A

Phenylephrine and Tropicamide

22
Q

Phenylephrine: Dose

A

2.5% or 10%

23
Q

Phenylephrine: Class

A

P

24
Q

Phenylephrine: Duration

A

5-7 hours

25
Q

Phenylephrine: Side effect

A

Cardiovascular affects

26
Q

Phenylephrine: Action

A

Stimulates dilator to cause mydriasis

27
Q

Tropicamide: Dose

A

0.5% or 1%

28
Q

Tropicamide: Class

A

POM

29
Q

Tropicamide: Action

A

Paralyses sphincter so only dilator active to cause mydriasis

30
Q

Tropicamide: Duration

A

8-9 hours

31
Q

Test to be done before installation

A

IOPs

32
Q

Cyclopentolate: Dose

A

1% or 0.5% for under 3 months old

33
Q

Cyclopentolate: Action

A

Reduces accommodation - 1.00D remains

34
Q

Cyclopentolate: Class

A

POM

35
Q

Cyclopentolate: Duration

A

7-8 hours

36
Q

4 side effects of Cyclopentolate

A
  • Photophobia
  • Blurred vision
  • Raised IOPs
  • Local allergic reactions
37
Q

How Cycloplegic drugs work:

A

paralyse the ciliary body by blocking acetylcholine stopping the ability to accommodate

38
Q

Parasympathetic or Sympathetic: Cycloplegic drugs

A

Parasympathetic

Year 2 DO Diploma Revision (10 decks)

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