Pharmacology Flashcards
metformin run down
blocks ETC so dec ATP. lowers glucose production and inc glucose utilisation
main side effects of metformin
Gi symptoms, lactic acidosis (MALA), kidney injury
sulphonylureas run down
ex: gliclazide
act on SLRU1s to release insulin from vesicles & act on b-cells to inc insulin secretion
SE: hypoglycaemia, wt gain
TDZ run down
Pioglitazone
PPAR gamma agonists- activate adipocytes (remove fat) and inc adiponectin which inc insulin sensitivity
TDZ good for ____ diabetics
obese
what do incretin hormones do
potentiate release of insulin- glucose triggers pathway
what do incretin drugs NEVER cause
hypoglycaemia as they work via glucose-activated pathway
what are 2 incretin drugs and run them down
DPP4 inhibitors: alogliptin, prevent breakdown of GLP-1 and GIP, inc insulin secretion/ potentiate. wt neutral
GLP-1 receptor agonists: liraglutinde, s/c*, good for diabetes with kidney/CVD/ HF
what do both incretin drugs have as main side effect
pancreatitis
SGLT2 inhibitors run down
dapagliflozin
blocks kidney glucose transporter (SGLT2) so inc glucose in pee pee
glucose reduction & wt loss
SE: thrusH*, hypovlaemia, DKA
what are the meds used for diabetic nephropathy
ACEI/ARBs (catopril)- cause dilation of renal arterioles > dec filtration pressure > dec protienuira & GFR
drug for hyperthyroidism & main side effect
carbimazole- inhibits TPO (enzyme needed for thyroid hormone synthesis)
SE: agranulocytosis
what are 4 pituitary tumour Rx
dopamine agonists: carbegoline- prolactinoma, acromegaly- galactorrhea
somatostatin analogues: IM-sandostatin- inhibits GH synthesis- acromegaly
GH antagonists: s/c, acromegaly if other Rx don’t work
how many mins of activity/ week
150modearte/ 75 intense
Rx for obesity
orlistat- makes poo greasy and orange. proposed for BMI >30
