Ca Metabolism & Disorders Flashcards
hypercalcaemia aetiology…
1y: drugs, granulomatous disease, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, Paget’s, 3y hyperparathyroidism
s/s of hypercalcaemia
bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans
acute: polydipsia, polyuria
chronic: fractures, myopathy
ix for hypercalcaemia
high PTH > check Ur Ca:
high= 1y/3y hyperparathyroidism
low= FHH
low PTH= bone pathology so check ALP:
high ALP= mets, thyrotoxicosis
low ALP= myeloma, vitD
tx for hypercalcaemia
acute: fluids, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates
chronic: surgery, cinacalacet
what is hyperparathyroidism
excess secretion of Ca from parathyroid glands due to pathology
what familial condition can cause hyperparathyroidism
MEN1/2
types of hyperparathyroidism
1y: overactive PT gland (e.g. adenoma)
2y: physiological response to low Ca/ vita
3y: PT gland becomes autonomous after many years of overactivity
ix for hyperparathyroidism
biochemistry: PTH & SrCa
1y: high Ca, high PTH
2y: low Ca, high PTH
3y: high Ca, high PTH
mx for hyperPT
surgery, cinacalcet
hypocalcaemia main aetiology
hypoparathyroidism
s/s of hypocalcaemia
paraesthesia, muscle cramps, tetany, muscle weakness, fatigue, bronchospasm
prolonged QT on ECG
what are the 2 signs associated with hypocalcaemia
Chovsteks’s sign: burning when tapping over facial nerve
Trousseau sign: carpopedal spasm
mx of hypocalcaemia
IV Ca Gluconate- 10ml, 10%, 3 min
aetiology of hypoparathyroidism
congenital absence (Di George Syndrome), iatrogenic destruction, AI, hypoMg (alcohol, drugs)
mx for hypoparathyroidism
Ca and VitD tablets
