Anatomy Flashcards
which cranial nerves pass through the middle cranial fossa
CN 2, 3, 4 ,5, 6
What are the strap muscles
sternohydoid, thyrohyoid, omohoid, sternothyroid - innervated by C1-C3 (ansa cervicalis)
pituitary gland structure
anterior (adenohypophysis): synthesises most pituitary hormones
posterior (neurohypophysis): extension of the brain. releases ADH and oxytocin
location of pituitary
midline structure. found in pituitary fossa which lies in sella turtica
pituitary lies immediately inferior to _____
optic chiasma
the _____ ______ is the structure immediately above the pituitary
diaphragma sellae
what are the 3 cells found in anterior pituitary and what is found in posterior pit
anterior: acidophils, basophils, chromophobe
posterior: non-myelinated axons of neurosecreatory neurones
which of the 4 nasal sinuses is closest to pituitary
sphenoid sinus
which fracture may be used for better access to pitutary in surgical practice
Le Fort down Fracture
by what type of sinuses in the pituitary gland surrounded by
cavernous and inter cavernous sinuses
which type of sinus drain into internal jugular vein via floor of posterior cranial fossa
dural venous sinuses
name the 6 neck layers and what they consist of
platysma: deep to skin. CN VIII innervation
investing fascia: encloses trapezius and sternocleido mastoid
pre-vertebral fascia: located posteriorly, encloses postural neck muscles and cervical vertebrae
carotid sheath: deep cervical LNs, vagus nerve, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein
pre-tracheal fascia: anterior- oesophagus, trachea, thyroid, strap msucles, recurrent laryngeal nerves
spaces: block spread of infection
where does carotid sheath attach to
around jugular foramen
location of thyroid
anterior neck- 2 lobes and isthmus (lobes attach to lateral aspects thyroid and cricoid cartilages)
embryology of thyroid
originates in tongue and travels down thyroglossal duct- cysts may form here
arterial and venous supply of thyroid gland
superior, inferior thyroid artery, external carotid artery, left common carotid artery
venous: superior thyroid, middle thyroid > internal jugular vein. inferior thyroid > brachiocephalic vein
parathyroid glands…
there are 4 located at posterior aspect of thyroid. chief cells produce parathyroid hormone here (PTH)
which nerves are susceptible to iatrogenic damage
recurrent laryngeal nerves: close to thyroid. left wraps around aorta, right wraps around subclavian artery. supplies sensory innervation to larynx and intrinsic laryngeal muscles
what is the path of CN X
exits at medulla oblongata > down jugular foramen > descends into carotid sheath, descends into thorax
adrenal gland anatomy
bilateral glands- superior and medial to pole of kidneys. have cortex and medulla.
vasculature: superior (phrenic branch), middle (aorta arch) and inferior (renal branch) suprarenal arteries
suprarenal vein > IVC
cortex anatomy
zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids, aldosterone
zona fasciculata: glucocortiocoid, cortisol
zona reticularis: sex steroids, glucocorticoids
medulla anatomy
central core of adrenal. sympathetic innervation, contains chromaffin cells which secrete catecholamines (adrenaline)
