Diabetic Comps Flashcards
which complication is most common
retinopathy
causes of comps
poor therapy compliance *
2 main checks for glycemic control
HbA1c and creatinine: urine ratio
what are the 2 main pathophysiological mechanisms for retinopathy
inc reactive O2 species and inc inflammation and fibrosis
stages of retinopathy
mild non-proliferative > moderate non-proliferative > severe non-proliferative > proliferative
main s/s of retinopathy
micro aneurysms*, haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, IRMAs, neovascularisation, virtual haemorrhage
how to check for retinopathy
annual digital retinal screening (R0-4, M0-2)
tx for retinopathy
early- monitor
late- photocoagulation laser, anti-VEGF, vitrectomy
what is nephropathy
progressive kidney disease caused by damage to capillaries of glomeruli characterised by proteinuria
T/F: nephropathy is commonest cause of ESRD in UK
true
ix for nephropahty
annual ACR screen, urine dipstick (proteins, blood)
tx for nephropathy
ACEi/ARBs, control BP, glycemic control
types of neuropathy & which is most common
peripheral, proximal, autonomic, focal
peripheral
proximal is common in ____
T2DM
s/s of the different neuropathys
peripheral: numbness, burning, sharp pains/cramps, often associated to peripheral vascular disease
proximal: pain usually in 1 leg, proximal muscle weakness and wasting
autonomic: gastroparesis, postal hypotension, high HR
mononueropathy/focal: sudden weakness in 1 nerve/group of nerves
