Pharmacology 1 Flashcards by Rommel Bautista

The pharmacological effects of sumatriptan arise from its ability to:

Antagonise the actions of serotonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each of the following is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen demand EXCEPT
for:

Coronary blood flow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Antidote for belladona/
anticholinergic drugs overdose

PHYSOSTIGMINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta 3 receptor agonist used im tx of overactive bladder

Mirabegron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MAOi used in tx of movement disorders
(clue benjamin/musa)

Tetrabenazine SE suicidal toughts
Reserpine also for paychiatric disorders

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Selective Beta blockers without Intrinsic Sympathetic Activity

AMEBBN

Atenolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol
Bisoprolol
Nevibolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non selective beta blockers without ISA
(Clue Vee’s luggage)

PNSTT

Propranolol
Nadolol
Sotalol
Timolol
Tortalol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Succinylcholine should be taken with caution in patients taking

Phospholine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nylidrin use

Vasodilator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Short acting DEPOLARIZING skeletal muscle reaxant

Suxamethonium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Skeletal muscle relaxant

Meprobamate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Levarterenol is also called

L-NOREPINEPHRINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dose of Atropine

0.2 - 2 mg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cause hemodynamic alteration, initial tachycardia

ATROPINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Similar action to atropine

BETHANECOL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cholinergic agonist

Carbachol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

COMT does not metabolize

ISOPRENALINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CENTRALLY acting muscle relaxant

DANTROLENE

SE: seizure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PERIPHERALY acting skeletal muscle relaxants

BACLOFEN
ORPHENADRINE
CYCLOBENZAPRINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adrenaline is metabolized by

MAO

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MAOi(pargyline) + Phenylephrine will cause

Elevated BP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ACH is

Choline ester

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Damage of protein and peptides is due to

Deamination & oxidation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tubocurarine MOA

Blocks postsynaptic ganglia
By competitive antagonism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pts different response to suxamethonium is due to

Alternation in PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE enzyme

Antiarrythmic causing pulmonary fibrosis, blood discrasias

Tocainide

The use of sotalol, it is necessary to monitor

CrCl

Sotalol causes

TDP

Quinidine causes which toxicity

Digoxin

Quinidine SE

Cinchonism

Drug of choice in tx of Atrioventricular reinterent tachycardia

Procainamide

Decreases toxicity of digoxin

Na Lactate

Increases QT interval

Ketokonazole Cisapride Phenothiazine Quinolones

CHF patients requires dose adjustment of lidocaine because of

Impaired liver/metabolism Of lidocaine

Do not treat ventricular arrythmia

Digitialis Tx of atrial arrythmia

Amiodarone causes

Yellow deposits on cornea Photosensitivity Occular/sight problems

Adam stoke syndrome is cause by

Heart block

Ventricular contraction is

Systole

Mimics serotonin action

Sumatriptan CI in CHF, angina & MAOi's

Tocoloytic, oxytocic, uterine relaxation

Ritodrine

Prostaglandin is related to

Fatty acids

Tx of Reynolds disease

Pentoxyphylline

Serotonin antagonist in the brain

Methylsergide

Produces cardiac stimulation

Histamine

Used in tx of migrane, post partum hemorrhage

Ergotamine

Ergot alkaloids not taken sublingually

Ergometrin Ergotamine Maleate

Antihistamin & anti 5HT (serotonin)

Cyproheptadine

2nd generation antihistamine not causing drowsiness

Astimazole

Used for patent ductus arteriosus

Alprostadil

Most common complication of MI

Ventricular fibrilation

Most specific lab investigation for MI

Cardiac troponin

A risk factor not related to MI

Rheumativ fever

Prescribe to pts with angina+ HTN

Na Nitroprusside

Ther dose of gyceryl trinitrate

0.5 - 1mg

Nitrogycerin increases which sexondary messenger

C-GMP

Finrinolytics(thrombolytics) are CI in

Duodenal ulcer pts

In MI it is necessary to monitor the level of

CPK Increased level in CHF

The only antianginal inhalation

Amyl Nitrate

Perhexiline use

Prophylactic antianginal Coronary vessel dilator

Decreases metabolism of perhexiline

Chlropromazine Acebutolol

Betaxolol can worsen which cardiac condition

Aortic stenosis

CI in use of NGT

Alcohol Sildenafil

Warfarin's aftivity is due to

Optical isomer

Streptokinase dose

1.5MIU IV/ 60 mins

Streptokinase administration interval

6months 12 months if pt on antiplatelets

Antidote for heparin overdose

Protamine

Normal prothrombin time

12-15 secs

Normal APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time)

30-45 seconds

Heparin is obtained from

Beef lungs

Warfarin inhibits which enzyme

K epoxide reductase

Protamine dose limit in tx of heparin overdose

Not more than 100mg

In mild to moderate bleeding, The use of vit k in anti coagulant therapy will make it difficult to

Bridging therapy To cover delayed action of warfarin use enoxaparin or heparin

Normal APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time) Is used to measure

Heprin anticoagulation activity

Used to reverse hypo prothrombinemia

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Anticoagulant DOC in pregnancy

Heparin

Clofibrate decrease platelet aggregation but increases (old fibrates)

HEPATIC CANCER

Used to tx of streptokinase overdose

Aminocaproic acid Tranexamic acid

Used in tx of sever bleeding/hemorrhage

Vitamin K

In coagulation factors, thrombin and fibrin requires which ion

Calcium

LMW heprin are prefered As it can be given

IM Heparin by IM cause HEMATOMA

Sulfazaline is metabolized to

5-amino salicylic acid

Used in tx of rheumatoid arthritis & ulcerative colitis (chron's disease)

Sulfazalazine

Methotrexate and salicylate will cause

Bone marrow depression- anemia

Goeckerman treatment consists

Coal tar + UV

Dithranol used in psoriasis, therapeutic dose

0.1- 1%

Dithranol is stabilized in preparation of

ZnO paste + 2% salicilic acid

Cyclosporine and methotrexate are

Immunosuppressants Cyclo- gum hyperplasia, not to combine with other immunosuppressants

oral solution to be mixed with milk, chocolate milk or orange juice to consume immediately

Cyclosporin

Butazolidin: To be mixed with milk, antacids or meals to decrease

Gastric irritation

Methotrexate antidote

Folinic acid

Lupus symptoms

Butterfly rash

Tx of MS

Interferon B1 Baclofen Dantrolene

Has NO loading dose Cause GIT disturbance Bind to Na/K ATPase pump - SE Hypokalemia, Arrythmia Excreted unchange in KIDNEYS -dose adjustment in RENAL impairment (elderly)

DIGOXIN

Used in digitalis toxicity

Potassiumm K

Symptoms such as sweating and dyspnea

CHF

Inotropics such B agonists increase entry of which ion

Calcium Ca

Dose of digitalis

0.125- 0.25mg daily

Digoxin absorption is decreased by

KCChENT Kaolin Cimetidine Cholestyramine Erythromycin Neomycin Tetracycline

Clearance of Digitalis and Digoxin

Digitalis- Hepatic (bound to albumin) Digoxin- Renal

Alternative to digoxin Tx of CHF

Amrinone

Blood is fastest in

Arterioles

LisinoBril max dose

Bente 20mg

Right HF Sx

Systemic Edema Left HF- LUNGS 🫁 Dyspnea

Digoxin + Verapamil

⬆️digoxin level Verapamil inhibits metabolism (CYP3A4)

Amiodarone is an

Anti arrythmia

Amiloride is an

K sparing diuretics

Cooleys Disease is also known as

Familial erythroblastic, Thalasemia a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced or absent production of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells.

Hansen's disease

Leprosy

Thiotixine classification

ANTIPSYCHOTIC

Protryptiline

ANTIDEPRESSANT

Trimethadione

Anticonvulsant

Oxazepam classification

Anxiolytic

Trimethobenzamide use

ANTIEMETIC

Isocarboxazide classification

MAO INHIBITOR

Tripelennamine

ANTIHISTAMINE

Drug that cause osteoporosis, given alternate days

PREDNISOLONE

Overgrowth of fibrous tissue

Sclerosis

inflammation of the vertebrae, which are the bones that make up the spine.

Spondylitis

Mgt of rheumatoid arthritis

NSAID DMARDS

A chelating agent, used in rheumatoid arthritis and wilson's disease

PENICILLAMINE

Tx of HYPOparathyroidism Sx: HypoCal, HyperPhosphatemia

PARICALCITROL Calcitriol Dihydrotachysterol Vit D

Parathyroid glands affect abosorption of

CALCIUM

Used in tx of rheumatoid arthritis. pregnancy category X

LEFLUNOMIDE

Etarnecept is for rheumatoid arthritis not for

OSTEOARTHRITIS

Early morning symptoms of stiffness/rigidity tx

BENSTROPINE

Colchicene dose

500mcg

Aspirin dose for rheumatoid arthritis

6 gm

Sx hypercortisone secretion, hypoparathyroidism, low level of estrogen

OSTEOPOROSIS

Alendromate not to be given sitting/lying down as it cause

ESOPHAGEAL ULCER

Parathyroid: Increased phosphate will cause

HYPOCALCEMIA

pannus refers to abnormal tissue growth that occurs in the synovium, the lining of the joint.

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

The combinition of phenobarbitone and chloramphenicol will result in

PPT of BARBITURIC ACID

Fast onset and short duration hypnotic

ZOLPIDEM

Short acting Benzodiazepine and hypnotic in elderly

TRIAZOLAM

Ultra short acting barbiturate

THIOPENTAL

Benzodiazepine that is metabolized by GLUCORONIDATION

TEMAZEPAM

Temazepam is oxidized outside the liver to it's INACTIVE metabolite as

OXAZEPAM

Tryptiphan and doxylamine are

Sleep aids

Phenobarbital is a metabolite of

PRIMADONE

Phenobarbitone (basic) ppt in the

URINE (Acidic)

Normal dose of chloral hydrate

0.3 - 2g

Benzodiazepine causing daytime sedation (30hrs), is avoided in elderly to avaid falls - accumulation of sedative effects

NITRAZEPAM

An inhibitory NT causing INC in Cl conductance

GABA A

An inhibitory NT causing INC in K conductance (DEC in Ca)

GABA B

Most suitable sedative in elderly

LORAZEPAM

Longest duration BZD (1-3 days) found to be LEAST effective and causes hangover T1/2 <100hrs Requiring several nights to become mac effective

FLURAZEPAM

Drug induced jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia tx. Failure of tx is caused by premature discontinuation

PHENOBARBITAL

Diazepam and temazepam difference

Dizepam longer duration

Drug that induce it's own metabolism in long term use

CARBAMAZEPINE

An antiaxiety agent. Having LESS sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effect

BUSPIRONE

Duration of action of barbiturates

LONG: Phenobarbital INTERM: Amo/buta SHORT: Pento/Seco ULTRA S: Thiopental

Barbiturates are metabolized by

SULFATE CONJUGATION

BZD: Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, chlorazepate, prazepam are all metabolized in the liver by oxidation to

DESMETHYLDIAZEPAM

BZD used in anesthetics

MIDAZOLAM

DIAZEPAM will cause pptn in NS. What is the suitable solution

70% H2O 10% 20% PEG

is a medication used to treat asthma by inhibiting the action of an enzyme called 5-lipoxygenase.

ZILEUTON

leukotriene receptor antagonists.

ZAFIRLUKAST MONTELUKAST

The amount of air breathed in and out during a normal breath. In asthma, this might be normal or slightly decreased.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation. Asthma may reduce this volume due to increased resistance in the airways.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

The maximum amount of air that can be EXHALED after a normal exhalation. Asthma can lead to difficulties in fully exhaling, potentially reducing this volume.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. In asthma, this volume might be slightly increased due to air trapping.

Residual Volume (RV)

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. It may be reduced in asthma due to limitations in inspiratory and expiratory volumes.

Vital Capacity (VC):

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second. Asthma often results in a decreased of this volume due to airway obstruction.

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1):

GOPRC ezyme inductors means

Griseofluvin Omeprazole Phenytoin Rifampicin Carbamazepine

Antidote for theophyline toxicity

B BLOCKERS

Theophylline SE

ANTT ANXIETY NV TACHYCARDIA TREMORS

Anti asthma drug that is given via slow IV (10-20mg/L)

THEOPHILLINE

Theophylline + ethelyn diamine Better used rectally

AMINOPHYLLINE

Theophylline can be potentiated by

COCCE IN theophylline CARBAMAZEPINE OMEP CIMETIDINE CIPROFLOXAXIN ERYTHRO INFLUENZA VACCINE

A mast cell stabilizer used for asthma prophylaxis, allergic asthma and does not cause direct bronchodilation

SODIUM CHROMOGLYCATE

Normal adult dose of Salbutamol, To use 10 minutes before betamethasone inhaler

1-10mg Can also lower BP

Used for seasonal asthma

CORTICOSTEROIDS

In RAGWEED ALLERGY, Avoid

PYRETHRINS natural insecticide derived from chrysanthemum flowers

Increases theophylline by 100%

INTEFERONE

Avoid giving to children under 10. Inhaler or long acting theophylline is okay

ORAL PREDNISLONE (tab) Over 10 is okay - longterm

Secondary messenger which is decreased in asthma

c-CAMP

Methylxanthines MOA

Phosphodiesterase Inhibition: It inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Phosphodiesterase normally breaks down cyclic AMP (cAMP). By inhibiting phosphodiesterase, methylxanthines increase intracellular cAMP levels.

Long residence of CO2 in the body will result to

HYPOVENTILATION LACTIC ACIDOSIS- dec in HCO3

Preferred first line of therapy in asthma (ER)

B AGONIST Aminophylline iv infusion- acute

Resp stimulant in COPD ⬆️ resp depth Not resp rate

DOXAPRAM

Prophylaxis for exercise induced asthma

CROMOLYN SODIUM

Drug used in asthma that: * inhibit release of mediators * antiinflammatory * decongestant * ⬇️ immune reactions * ⬇️ airway hyperresponsiveness

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Mucolytic, decreases mucous membrane hyperplasia

CARBOXYMETHYLCYSTEIN

Drugs sensitivity to this drug causes asthma by: 1. Decreasing prostaglandin synthesis 2. Increasing leukotriene synthesis

ASPIRIN

Theophylline concentration is reduced by

SMOKING CIPROFLOXACIN

Formoterol onset of action

10-20 minutes

Oxidation of ethylene glycol will give (Also metabolism of ascorbic acid)

OXALIC ACID

Leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes are

WBC

Unamatured RBC's are called

RETICULOCYTES

Highest count in plasma

ERYTHOCYTES

Erythocyte of iron deficiency

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMATIC

Blood speed is faster in arteries or arterioles?

ARTERIES

is a diagnostic test used to investigate the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency, specifically determining if the deficiency is due to malabsorption.

Schilling’s test

RBC + HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

CRENATION shrink or shrivel due to the loss of water

is a medical condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood.

POLYCYTHEMIA Primary- P.Vera Secondary

Approximate total plasma volume?

55ml/kg

Normal pH of blood

7.4

Drug that enhance platelet production

O pre burkin bag OPRELVEKIN

Normal hematocrit value

35-45%

No of rbc in healthy person

5*10^6 /ml

Normal blood ELECTROLYTES values

1923 Sodium (Na): 135-145 (mEq/L) Chloride (Cl): 98-106 (mEq/L) Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-30 (mEq/L) Potassium (K): 3.5-5.0 (mEq/L) 5. Calcium (Ca): 8.5-10.5 (mg/dL) 6. Magnesium (Mg): 1.5-2.5 (mg/dL) 7. Phosphate (PO4): 2.5-4.5 (mg/dL)

Microcytic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by abnormally small red blood cells. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume or size of a single red blood cell. Normal value is?

MCV 90

Anemia cause by folic acid deficiency/ tx

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA LEUCOVERIN

Hemoglobin normal value by gender

Male 14-17 g/dl Female 12-15 g/dl

Protein bound drugs

C Vice Ganda Ay Walang PHera Fur Di PROarty Clopidogrel Valproic acid Gemfibrozil Aspirin Warfarin Phenytoin Furosemide Diazepam Propranolol

Hemoglobin qty in blood per 100ml

15g

Interferes with diagnosis of pernicious anemia

FOLIC ACID

Filgrastim is a

PROTEIN

Is the stimulation of RBC production in bone marrow

ERYTHROPOIESIS

Test to measure conjugated bilirubin in the blood

VAN DEN BERG

deficiency is primarily caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach that facilitates the absorption of B12 in the small intestine.

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

End product of hemoglobin metabolism/ decomposition

BILIRUBIN

Antineoplastics, cytotoxics, immunosupressants causes

ANEMIA

Drugs causing agranulocytosis

Mmd Of PHElippines PROPosed & PROClaimed Her Love to CLO DIn in the CAR Methimazole Omeprazole (rare cases) Phenylbutazone Propylthiouracil Procainamide Hydrochlorothiazide Linezolid Clozapine Diclofenac Carbamazepine

is a condition characterized by a severe decrease in the number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Agranulocytosis

Drugs used in polycythemia

BUSULFAN radioctive PHOSPHOROUS

Innert plasma expander

DEXTRAN