Pharmacology 1 Flashcards
The pharmacological effects of sumatriptan arise from its ability to:
Antagonise the actions of serotonin
Each of the following is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen demand EXCEPT
for:
Coronary blood flow
Antidote for belladona/
anticholinergic drugs overdose
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Beta 3 receptor agonist used im tx of overactive bladder
Mirabegron
MAOi used in tx of movement disorders
(clue benjamin/musa)
Tetrabenazine SE suicidal toughts
Reserpine also for paychiatric disorders
Selective Beta blockers without Intrinsic Sympathetic Activity
AMEBBN
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol
Bisoprolol
Nevibolol
Non selective beta blockers without ISA
(Clue Vee’s luggage)
PNSTT
Propranolol
Nadolol
Sotalol
Timolol
Tortalol
Succinylcholine should be taken with caution in patients taking
Phospholine
Nylidrin use
Vasodilator
Short acting DEPOLARIZING skeletal muscle reaxant
Suxamethonium
Skeletal muscle relaxant
Meprobamate
Levarterenol is also called
L-NOREPINEPHRINE
Dose of Atropine
0.2 - 2 mg
Cause hemodynamic alteration, initial tachycardia
ATROPINE
Similar action to atropine
BETHANECOL
Cholinergic agonist
Carbachol
COMT does not metabolize
ISOPRENALINE
CENTRALLY acting muscle relaxant
DANTROLENE
SE: seizure
PERIPHERALY acting skeletal muscle relaxants
BACLOFEN
ORPHENADRINE
CYCLOBENZAPRINE
Adrenaline is metabolized by
MAO
MAOi(pargyline) + Phenylephrine will cause
Elevated BP
ACH is
Choline ester
Damage of protein and peptides is due to
Deamination & oxidation
Tubocurarine MOA
Blocks postsynaptic ganglia
By competitive antagonism
Pts different response to suxamethonium is due to
Alternation in PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE enzyme
Antiarrythmic causing pulmonary fibrosis, blood discrasias
Tocainide
The use of sotalol, it is necessary to monitor
CrCl
Sotalol causes
TDP
Quinidine causes which toxicity
Digoxin
Quinidine SE
Cinchonism
Drug of choice in tx of Atrioventricular reinterent tachycardia
Procainamide
Decreases toxicity of digoxin
Na Lactate
Increases QT interval
Ketokonazole
Cisapride
Phenothiazine
Quinolones
CHF patients requires dose adjustment of lidocaine because of
Impaired liver/metabolism
Of lidocaine
Do not treat ventricular arrythmia
Digitialis
Tx of atrial arrythmia
Amiodarone causes
Yellow deposits on cornea
Photosensitivity
Occular/sight problems
Adam stoke syndrome is cause by
Heart block
Ventricular contraction is
Systole
Mimics serotonin action
Sumatriptan
CI in CHF, angina & MAOi’s
Tocoloytic, oxytocic, uterine relaxation
Ritodrine
Prostaglandin is related to
Fatty acids
Tx of Reynolds disease
Pentoxyphylline
Serotonin antagonist in the brain
Methylsergide
Produces cardiac stimulation
Histamine
Used in tx of migrane, post partum hemorrhage
Ergotamine
Ergot alkaloids not taken sublingually
Ergometrin
Ergotamine Maleate
Antihistamin & anti 5HT (serotonin)
Cyproheptadine
2nd generation antihistamine not causing drowsiness
Astimazole
Used for patent ductus arteriosus
Alprostadil
Most common complication of MI
Ventricular fibrilation
Most specific lab investigation for MI
Cardiac troponin
A risk factor not related to MI
Rheumativ fever
Prescribe to pts with angina+ HTN
Na Nitroprusside
Ther dose of gyceryl trinitrate
0.5 - 1mg
Nitrogycerin increases which sexondary messenger
C-GMP
Finrinolytics(thrombolytics) are CI in
Duodenal ulcer pts
In MI it is necessary to monitor the level of
CPK
Increased level in CHF
The only antianginal inhalation
Amyl Nitrate
Perhexiline use
Prophylactic antianginal
Coronary vessel dilator
Decreases metabolism of perhexiline
Chlropromazine
Acebutolol
Betaxolol can worsen which cardiac condition
Aortic stenosis
CI in use of NGT
Alcohol
Sildenafil
Warfarin’s aftivity is due to
Optical isomer
Streptokinase dose
1.5MIU IV/ 60 mins
Streptokinase administration interval
6months
12 months if pt on antiplatelets
Antidote for heparin overdose
Protamine
Normal prothrombin time
12-15 secs
Normal APTT
(Activated partial thromboplastin time)
30-45 seconds
Heparin is obtained from
Beef lungs
Warfarin inhibits which enzyme
K epoxide reductase
Protamine dose limit in tx of heparin overdose
Not more than 100mg
In mild to moderate bleeding, The use of vit k in anti coagulant therapy will make it difficult to
Bridging therapy
To cover delayed action of warfarin use enoxaparin or heparin
Normal APTT
(Activated partial thromboplastin time)
Is used to measure
Heprin anticoagulation activity
Used to reverse hypo prothrombinemia
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Anticoagulant DOC in pregnancy
Heparin
Clofibrate decrease platelet aggregation but increases (old fibrates)
HEPATIC CANCER
Used to tx of streptokinase overdose
Aminocaproic acid
Tranexamic acid
Used in tx of sever bleeding/hemorrhage
Vitamin K
In coagulation factors, thrombin and fibrin requires which ion
Calcium
LMW heprin are prefered As it can be given
IM
Heparin by IM cause HEMATOMA
Sulfazaline is metabolized to
5-amino salicylic acid
Used in tx of rheumatoid arthritis & ulcerative colitis (chron’s disease)
Sulfazalazine
Methotrexate and salicylate will cause
Bone marrow depression- anemia
Goeckerman treatment consists
Coal tar + UV
Dithranol used in psoriasis, therapeutic dose
0.1- 1%
Dithranol is stabilized in preparation of
ZnO paste + 2% salicilic acid
Cyclosporine and methotrexate are
Immunosuppressants
Cyclo- gum hyperplasia, not to combine with other immunosuppressants
oral solution to be mixed with milk, chocolate milk or orange juice to consume immediately
Cyclosporin
Butazolidin: To be mixed with milk, antacids or meals to decrease
Gastric irritation
Methotrexate antidote
Folinic acid
Lupus symptoms
Butterfly rash
Tx of MS
Interferon B1
Baclofen
Dantrolene
Has NO loading dose
Cause GIT disturbance
Bind to Na/K ATPase pump
- SE Hypokalemia, Arrythmia
Excreted unchange in KIDNEYS
-dose adjustment in RENAL impairment (elderly)
DIGOXIN
Used in digitalis toxicity
Potassiumm
K
Symptoms such as sweating and dyspnea
CHF
Inotropics such B agonists increase entry of which ion
Calcium
Ca
Dose of digitalis
0.125- 0.25mg daily
Digoxin absorption is decreased by
KCChENT
Kaolin
Cimetidine
Cholestyramine
Erythromycin
Neomycin
Tetracycline
Clearance of Digitalis and Digoxin
Digitalis- Hepatic (bound to albumin)
Digoxin- Renal
Alternative to digoxin
Tx of CHF
Amrinone
Blood is fastest in
Arterioles
LisinoBril max dose
Bente 20mg
Right HF Sx
Systemic Edema
Left HF- LUNGS 🫁 Dyspnea
Digoxin + Verapamil
⬆️digoxin level
Verapamil inhibits metabolism (CYP3A4)
Amiodarone is an
Anti arrythmia
Amiloride is an
K sparing diuretics
Cooleys Disease is also known as
Familial erythroblastic, Thalasemia
a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced or absent production of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells.
Hansen’s disease
Leprosy
Thiotixine classification
ANTIPSYCHOTIC
Protryptiline
ANTIDEPRESSANT
Trimethadione
Anticonvulsant
Oxazepam classification
Anxiolytic
Trimethobenzamide use
ANTIEMETIC
Isocarboxazide classification
MAO INHIBITOR
Tripelennamine
ANTIHISTAMINE
Drug that cause osteoporosis, given alternate days
PREDNISOLONE
Overgrowth of fibrous tissue
Sclerosis
inflammation of the vertebrae, which are the bones that make up the spine.
Spondylitis
Mgt of rheumatoid arthritis
NSAID
DMARDS
A chelating agent, used in rheumatoid arthritis and wilson’s disease
PENICILLAMINE
Tx of HYPOparathyroidism
Sx: HypoCal, HyperPhosphatemia
PARICALCITROL
Calcitriol
Dihydrotachysterol
Vit D
Parathyroid glands affect abosorption of
CALCIUM
Used in tx of rheumatoid arthritis. pregnancy category X
LEFLUNOMIDE
Etarnecept is for rheumatoid arthritis not for
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Early morning symptoms of stiffness/rigidity tx
BENSTROPINE
Colchicene dose
500mcg
Aspirin dose for rheumatoid arthritis
6 gm
Sx hypercortisone secretion, hypoparathyroidism, low level of estrogen
OSTEOPOROSIS
Alendromate not to be given sitting/lying down as it cause
ESOPHAGEAL ULCER
Parathyroid: Increased phosphate will cause
HYPOCALCEMIA
pannus refers to abnormal tissue growth that occurs in the synovium, the lining of the joint.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
The combinition of phenobarbitone and chloramphenicol will result in
PPT of BARBITURIC ACID
Fast onset and short duration hypnotic
ZOLPIDEM
Short acting Benzodiazepine and hypnotic in elderly
TRIAZOLAM
Ultra short acting barbiturate
THIOPENTAL
Benzodiazepine that is metabolized by GLUCORONIDATION
TEMAZEPAM
Temazepam is oxidized outside the liver to it’s INACTIVE metabolite as
OXAZEPAM
Tryptiphan and doxylamine are
Sleep aids
Phenobarbital is a metabolite of
PRIMADONE
Phenobarbitone (basic) ppt in the
URINE
(Acidic)
Normal dose of chloral hydrate
0.3 - 2g
Benzodiazepine causing daytime sedation (30hrs), is avoided in elderly to avaid falls
- accumulation of sedative effects
NITRAZEPAM
An inhibitory NT causing INC in Cl conductance
GABA A
An inhibitory NT causing INC in K conductance
(DEC in Ca)
GABA B
Most suitable sedative in elderly
LORAZEPAM
Longest duration BZD (1-3 days) found to be LEAST effective and causes hangover
T1/2 <100hrs
Requiring several nights to become mac effective
FLURAZEPAM
Drug induced jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia tx.
Failure of tx is caused by premature discontinuation
PHENOBARBITAL
Diazepam and temazepam difference
Dizepam longer duration
Drug that induce it’s own metabolism in long term use
CARBAMAZEPINE
An antiaxiety agent. Having LESS sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effect
BUSPIRONE
Duration of action of barbiturates
LONG: Phenobarbital
INTERM: Amo/buta
SHORT: Pento/Seco
ULTRA S: Thiopental
Barbiturates are metabolized by
SULFATE CONJUGATION
BZD: Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, chlorazepate, prazepam are all metabolized in the liver by oxidation to
DESMETHYLDIAZEPAM
BZD used in anesthetics
MIDAZOLAM
DIAZEPAM will cause pptn in NS. What is the suitable solution
70% H2O
10%
20% PEG
is a medication used to treat asthma by inhibiting the action of an enzyme called 5-lipoxygenase.
ZILEUTON
leukotriene receptor antagonists.
ZAFIRLUKAST
MONTELUKAST
The amount of air breathed in and out during a normal breath. In asthma, this might be normal or slightly decreased.
Tidal Volume (TV)
The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation. Asthma may reduce this volume due to increased resistance in the airways.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
The maximum amount of air that can be EXHALED after a normal exhalation. Asthma can lead to difficulties in fully exhaling, potentially reducing this volume.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. In asthma, this volume might be slightly increased due to air trapping.
Residual Volume (RV)
The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. It may be reduced in asthma due to limitations in inspiratory and expiratory volumes.
Vital Capacity (VC):
The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second. Asthma often results in a decreased of this volume due to airway obstruction.
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1):
GOPRC ezyme inductors means
Griseofluvin
Omeprazole
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Carbamazepine
Antidote for theophyline toxicity
B BLOCKERS
Theophylline SE
ANTT
ANXIETY
NV
TACHYCARDIA
TREMORS
Anti asthma drug that is given via slow IV (10-20mg/L)
THEOPHILLINE
Theophylline + ethelyn diamine
Better used rectally
AMINOPHYLLINE
Theophylline can be potentiated by
COCCE IN theophylline
CARBAMAZEPINE
OMEP
CIMETIDINE
CIPROFLOXAXIN
ERYTHRO
INFLUENZA VACCINE
A mast cell stabilizer used for asthma prophylaxis, allergic asthma and does not cause direct bronchodilation
SODIUM CHROMOGLYCATE
Normal adult dose of Salbutamol,
To use 10 minutes before betamethasone inhaler
1-10mg
Can also lower BP
Used for seasonal asthma
CORTICOSTEROIDS
In RAGWEED ALLERGY, Avoid
PYRETHRINS
natural insecticide derived from chrysanthemum flowers
Increases theophylline by 100%
INTEFERONE
Avoid giving to children under 10.
Inhaler or long acting theophylline is okay
ORAL PREDNISLONE (tab)
Over 10 is okay - longterm
Secondary messenger which is decreased in asthma
c-CAMP
Methylxanthines MOA
Phosphodiesterase Inhibition:
It inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Phosphodiesterase normally breaks down cyclic AMP (cAMP).
By inhibiting phosphodiesterase, methylxanthines increase intracellular cAMP levels.
Long residence of CO2 in the body will result to
HYPOVENTILATION
LACTIC ACIDOSIS- dec in HCO3
Preferred first line of therapy in asthma (ER)
B AGONIST
Aminophylline iv infusion- acute
Resp stimulant in COPD
⬆️ resp depth
Not resp rate
DOXAPRAM
Prophylaxis for exercise induced asthma
CROMOLYN SODIUM
Drug used in asthma that:
* inhibit release of mediators
* antiinflammatory
* decongestant
* ⬇️ immune reactions
* ⬇️ airway hyperresponsiveness
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Mucolytic, decreases mucous membrane hyperplasia
CARBOXYMETHYLCYSTEIN
Drugs sensitivity to this drug causes asthma by:
1. Decreasing prostaglandin synthesis
2. Increasing leukotriene synthesis
ASPIRIN
Theophylline concentration is reduced by
SMOKING
CIPROFLOXACIN
Formoterol onset of action
10-20 minutes
Oxidation of ethylene glycol will give
(Also metabolism of ascorbic acid)
OXALIC ACID
Leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes are
WBC
Unamatured RBC’s are called
RETICULOCYTES
Highest count in plasma
ERYTHOCYTES
Erythocyte of iron deficiency
MICROCYTIC
HYPOCHROMATIC
Blood speed is faster in arteries or arterioles?
ARTERIES
is a diagnostic test used to investigate the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency, specifically determining if the deficiency is due to malabsorption.
Schilling’s test
RBC + HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
CRENATION
shrink or shrivel due to the loss of water
is a medical condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood.
POLYCYTHEMIA
Primary- P.Vera
Secondary
Approximate total plasma volume?
55ml/kg
Normal pH of blood
7.4
Drug that enhance platelet production
O pre burkin bag
OPRELVEKIN
Normal hematocrit value
35-45%
No of rbc in healthy person
5*10^6 /ml
Normal blood ELECTROLYTES values
1923
Sodium (Na): 135-145 (mEq/L)
Chloride (Cl): 98-106 (mEq/L)
Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-30 (mEq/L)
Potassium (K): 3.5-5.0 (mEq/L)
- Calcium (Ca): 8.5-10.5 (mg/dL)
- Magnesium (Mg): 1.5-2.5 (mg/dL)
- Phosphate (PO4): 2.5-4.5 (mg/dL)
Microcytic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by abnormally small red blood cells. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume or size of a single red blood cell. Normal value is?
MCV 90
Anemia cause by folic acid deficiency/ tx
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
LEUCOVERIN
Hemoglobin normal value by gender
Male 14-17 g/dl
Female 12-15 g/dl
Protein bound drugs
C Vice Ganda Ay Walang PHera Fur Di PROarty
Clopidogrel
Valproic acid
Gemfibrozil
Aspirin
Warfarin
Phenytoin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Propranolol
Hemoglobin qty in blood per 100ml
15g
Interferes with diagnosis of pernicious anemia
FOLIC ACID
Filgrastim is a
PROTEIN
Is the stimulation of RBC production in bone marrow
ERYTHROPOIESIS
Test to measure conjugated bilirubin in the blood
VAN DEN BERG
deficiency is primarily caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach that facilitates the absorption of B12 in the small intestine.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
End product of hemoglobin metabolism/ decomposition
BILIRUBIN
Antineoplastics, cytotoxics, immunosupressants causes
ANEMIA
Drugs causing agranulocytosis
Mmd Of PHElippines PROPosed & PROClaimed Her Love to CLO DIn in the CAR
Methimazole
Omeprazole (rare cases)
Phenylbutazone
Propylthiouracil
Procainamide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Linezolid
Clozapine
Diclofenac
Carbamazepine
is a condition characterized by a severe decrease in the number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell.
Agranulocytosis
Drugs used in polycythemia
BUSULFAN
radioctive PHOSPHOROUS
Innert plasma expander
DEXTRAN
