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Cardiology 2023 1MB > Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiovascular Conditions > Flashcards

Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

If controlling the rate in regular narrow complex tachycardia fails with IV adenosine, which drug class should be utilised?

A

Beta blockers

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2
Q

When would digoxin be considered first line for atrial fibrillation RATE control?

A

When atrial fibrillation is coexistent with heart failure

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3
Q

Lignocaine belongs to which class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Class Ib

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4
Q

What is the third line treatment for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker + thiazide diuretic

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5
Q

What are the treatments for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Sotalol

or

Amiodarone

or

Flecainide

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6
Q

Diltiazem blocks which type of ion channel and whereis it located?

A

L-type calcium channel

Heart and vasculature

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7
Q

Digoxin blocks which membrane protein?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

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8
Q

How does warfarin function?

A

Blocks gamma carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX and X

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9
Q

According to STEMI and NSTEMI guidlines, what treatment should all patients get regardless of the type of MI?

A
  • Morphine
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrates
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel

MONA + C

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10
Q

When a patient has an irregular broad complex tachycardia which treatment is best?

A

IV magnesium sulphate

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11
Q

Which treatments may be considered if a patient’s chronic heart failure is poorly managed by second line treatments?

A

Digoxin

Potentially ivabradine if the symptoms are still severe

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12
Q

Name a class IC antiarrhythmic drug

A

Flecainide

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13
Q

When a patient has a regular broad complex tachycardia, which treatment should considered?

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

When is digoxin strongly indicated for heart failure?

A

When heart failure coexists with atrial fibrillation

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15
Q

In atrial fibrillation which drug should be given to prevent clotting?

A

Warfarin

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16
Q

Name a thiazide diuretic

A

Bendroflumethiazide

or

Indapamide

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17
Q

If a person has Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome they can be treated with sotalol, but not when they have which co-existant condition?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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18
Q

Which loop diuretic may be used to treat fluid build-up from various causes?

A

Furosemide

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19
Q

What is the acute treatment for a supra-ventricular tachycardia in a patient with asthma?

A

Verapamil

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20
Q

When morphine is administered which anti-emetic is also given?

A

Metoclopramide

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21
Q

When treating the RHYTHM in atrial fibrillation which drugs may be used?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Flecainide
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22
Q

When a patient who has both diabetes and hypertension, what is the first line treatment if they are from African or Caribbean origin?

A

ACE inhibitor and Calcium channel blocker

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23
Q

Which of the following drugs is an organic nitrate?

  • Isosorbide mononitrate
  • Digoxin
  • Milrinone
A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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24
Q

Which type of drug class does nicorandil belong?

A

Potassium channel agonist

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25
In poorly controlled hypertension, **_after_** third line treatment, what are the remaining options and indications for when each may be used?
* Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) - when K+ \<= 4.5mmol/l * Increased thiazide diuretic dose - when K+ \>= 4.5mmol/l * Alpha or beta blocker - when diuretics are not tolerated or ineffective
26
Name a renin inhibitor
Aliskiren
27
Ivabradine is an antagonist of which channel?
HCN | (for funny current)
28
What is the **_long term_** treatment for supra-ventricular tachycardia?
Beta blocker
29
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a caucasian patient \> 55 years old with hypertension?
Calcium channel blocker
30
What is rivaroxiban?
Factor Xa inhibitor
31
What is the **_second line_** treatment for anyone suffering from hypertension?
ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker
32
What is the treatment for bradycardia when there is a chance of asystole?
Atropine or Adrenaline
33
If a patient has Torsades de Pointes and suffers from polymorphic VT, what is the treatment?
Magnesium sulphate IV
34
Class IA, IB and IC antiarrhythmic drugs are all ________ channel blockers
Sodium
35
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a patient of African or Caribbean origin suffering from hypertension
Calcium channel blocker
36
When a patient has an **_irregular_** narrow complex tachycardia what is the required treatment?
Beta blocker or Digoxin (plus anticoagulant for both)
37
Which **_class_** of drug is digoxin?
Cardiac glyoside
38
When treating the **_RATE_** in atrial fibrillation which drug classes are used?
Beta blocker Calcium channel blocker
39
When a patient has a **_regular_** narrow complex tachycardia, what is the treatment?
Adenosine IV
40
Name a class 1a antiarrhythmic drug
Disopyramide
41
Amiodarone is an agonist of which channel?
Potassium channels
42
Which **_class_** of drug does atropine belong?
Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
43
Name an alpha I receptor antagonist
* Prazosin * Doxazosin
44
Which drug is both a calcium sensitiser and potassium channel agonist?
Levosimenden
45
What is the **_second line_** treatment for a patient with chronic heart failure?
Aldosterone antagonist or Angiontensin II receptor blocker or Hydralazine + nitrate
46
Amlodipine blocks **_which_** type of ion channel and **_where_** is it located?
L-type calcium channel Vasculature
47
GTN is used to treat which condition primarily?
Stable angina
48
Which rate-limiting drug is **_not_** used in VT?
Verapamil
49
Statins work by blocking which enzyme from functioning?
HMG-CoA reductase
50
Which of the following drugs is a ACE inhibitor? * Losartan * Lisinopril * Bosentan
Lisinopril
51
What is the difference between heparin and low molecular weight heparin?
Heparin - factor Xa inhibitor via antithrombin III Low molecular weight heparin - factor Xa inhibitor
52
What is the mode of action for aspirin?
Blocks COX-1 in platelets
53
Verapamil blocks **_which_** type of ion channel and **_where_** is it located?
L-type calcium channel Heart
54
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a patient with chronic heart failure?
ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker
55
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a caucasian person \< 55 years old with hypertension?
ACE inhibitor
56
Which **_class_** of drug is glycopyrronium bromide?
Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
57
Assuming a patient is being treated with an ACE inhibitor for hypertension, yet they are struggling to cope with a dry cough, what could their medication be changed to?
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
58
What is the **_acute_** treatment for a supra-ventricular tachycardia?
Adenosine IV
59
What are the drugs which can treat VT?
* Amiodarone * Lidocaine * Procainamide
60
Streptokinase is a drug utilised for which medical procedure?
Thrombolysis
61
Which drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor?
Dabigatran
62
Name a class 3 antiarrhythmic drug
Amiodarone
63
Ticagrelor has a similar mechanism of action to clopidogrel -
inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptors
64
Heparin
activates antithrombin III which inhibits factor Xa and IIa.
65
Direct oral anticoagulant's (DOACs), for example, rivaroxaban,
inhibit prothrombinase complex bound and clot-associated factor Xa.
66
Aspirin inhibits
the production of prostaglandins.
67
Warfarin
inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1).

Cardiology 2023 1MB (28 decks)

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