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Cardiology 2023 1MB > Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiovascular Conditions > Flashcards

Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

If controlling the rate in regular narrow complex tachycardia fails with IV adenosine, which drug class should be utilised?

A

Beta blockers

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2
Q

When would digoxin be considered first line for atrial fibrillation RATE control?

A

When atrial fibrillation is coexistent with heart failure

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3
Q

Lignocaine belongs to which class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Class Ib

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4
Q

What is the third line treatment for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker + thiazide diuretic

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5
Q

What are the treatments for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Sotalol

or

Amiodarone

or

Flecainide

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6
Q

Diltiazem blocks which type of ion channel and whereis it located?

A

L-type calcium channel

Heart and vasculature

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7
Q

Digoxin blocks which membrane protein?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

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8
Q

How does warfarin function?

A

Blocks gamma carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX and X

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9
Q

According to STEMI and NSTEMI guidlines, what treatment should all patients get regardless of the type of MI?

A
  • Morphine
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrates
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel

MONA + C

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10
Q

When a patient has an irregular broad complex tachycardia which treatment is best?

A

IV magnesium sulphate

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11
Q

Which treatments may be considered if a patient’s chronic heart failure is poorly managed by second line treatments?

A

Digoxin

Potentially ivabradine if the symptoms are still severe

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12
Q

Name a class IC antiarrhythmic drug

A

Flecainide

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13
Q

When a patient has a regular broad complex tachycardia, which treatment should considered?

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

When is digoxin strongly indicated for heart failure?

A

When heart failure coexists with atrial fibrillation

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15
Q

In atrial fibrillation which drug should be given to prevent clotting?

A

Warfarin

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16
Q

Name a thiazide diuretic

A

Bendroflumethiazide

or

Indapamide

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17
Q

If a person has Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome they can be treated with sotalol, but not when they have which co-existant condition?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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18
Q

Which loop diuretic may be used to treat fluid build-up from various causes?

A

Furosemide

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19
Q

What is the acute treatment for a supra-ventricular tachycardia in a patient with asthma?

A

Verapamil

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20
Q

When morphine is administered which anti-emetic is also given?

A

Metoclopramide

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21
Q

When treating the RHYTHM in atrial fibrillation which drugs may be used?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Flecainide
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22
Q

When a patient who has both diabetes and hypertension, what is the first line treatment if they are from African or Caribbean origin?

A

ACE inhibitor and Calcium channel blocker

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23
Q

Which of the following drugs is an organic nitrate?

  • Isosorbide mononitrate
  • Digoxin
  • Milrinone
A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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24
Q

Which type of drug class does nicorandil belong?

A

Potassium channel agonist

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25
Q

In poorly controlled hypertension, after third line treatment, what are the remaining options and indications for when each may be used?

A
  • Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) - when K+ <= 4.5mmol/l
  • Increased thiazide diuretic dose - when K+ >= 4.5mmol/l
  • Alpha or beta blocker - when diuretics are not tolerated or ineffective
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26
Q

Name a renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

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27
Q

Ivabradine is an antagonist of which channel?

A

HCN

(for funny current)

28
Q

What is the long term treatment for supra-ventricular tachycardia?

A

Beta blocker

29
Q

What is the first line treatment for a caucasian patient > 55 years old with hypertension?

A

Calcium channel blocker

30
Q

What is rivaroxiban?

A

Factor Xa inhibitor

31
Q

What is the second line treatment for anyone suffering from hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker

32
Q

What is the treatment for bradycardia when there is a chance of asystole?

A

Atropine

or

Adrenaline

33
Q

If a patient has Torsades de Pointes and suffers from polymorphic VT, what is the treatment?

A

Magnesium sulphate IV

34
Q

Class IA, IB and IC antiarrhythmic drugs are all ________ channel blockers

A

Sodium

35
Q

What is the first line treatment for a patient of African or Caribbean origin suffering from hypertension

A

Calcium channel blocker

36
Q

When a patient has an irregular narrow complex tachycardia what is the required treatment?

A

Beta blocker

or

Digoxin

(plus anticoagulant for both)

37
Q

Which class of drug is digoxin?

A

Cardiac glyoside

38
Q

When treating the RATE in atrial fibrillation which drug classes are used?

A

Beta blocker

Calcium channel blocker

39
Q

When a patient has a regular narrow complex tachycardia, what is the treatment?

A

Adenosine IV

40
Q

Name a class 1a antiarrhythmic drug

A

Disopyramide

41
Q

Amiodarone is an agonist of which channel?

A

Potassium channels

42
Q

Which class of drug does atropine belong?

A

Non-selective muscarinic antagonist

43
Q

Name an alpha I receptor antagonist

A
  • Prazosin
  • Doxazosin
44
Q

Which drug is both a calcium sensitiser and potassium channel agonist?

A

Levosimenden

45
Q

What is the second line treatment for a patient with chronic heart failure?

A

Aldosterone antagonist

or

Angiontensin II receptor blocker

or

Hydralazine + nitrate

46
Q

Amlodipine blocks which type of ion channel and where is it located?

A

L-type calcium channel

Vasculature

47
Q

GTN is used to treat which condition primarily?

A

Stable angina

48
Q

Which rate-limiting drug is not used in VT?

A

Verapamil

49
Q

Statins work by blocking which enzyme from functioning?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

50
Q

Which of the following drugs is a ACE inhibitor?

  • Losartan
  • Lisinopril
  • Bosentan
A

Lisinopril

51
Q

What is the difference between heparin and low molecular weight heparin?

A

Heparin - factor Xa inhibitor via antithrombin III

Low molecular weight heparin - factor Xa inhibitor

52
Q

What is the mode of action for aspirin?

A

Blocks COX-1 in platelets

53
Q

Verapamil blocks which type of ion channel and where is it located?

A

L-type calcium channel

Heart

54
Q

What is the first line treatment for a patient with chronic heart failure?

A

ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker

55
Q

What is the first line treatment for a caucasian person < 55 years old with hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor

56
Q

Which class of drug is glycopyrronium bromide?

A

Non-selective muscarinic antagonist

57
Q

Assuming a patient is being treated with an ACE inhibitor for hypertension, yet they are struggling to cope with a dry cough, what could their medication be changed to?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

58
Q

What is the acute treatment for a supra-ventricular tachycardia?

A

Adenosine IV

59
Q

What are the drugs which can treat VT?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Lidocaine
  • Procainamide
60
Q

Streptokinase is a drug utilised for which medical procedure?

A

Thrombolysis

61
Q

Which drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor?

A

Dabigatran

62
Q

Name a class 3 antiarrhythmic drug

A

Amiodarone

63
Q

Ticagrelor has a similar mechanism of action to clopidogrel -

A

inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptors

64
Q

Heparin

A

activates antithrombin III which inhibits factor Xa and IIa.

65
Q

Direct oral anticoagulant’s (DOACs), for example, rivaroxaban,

A

inhibit prothrombinase complex bound and clot-associated factor Xa.

66
Q

Aspirin inhibits

A

the production of prostaglandins.

67
Q

Warfarin

A

inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1).

Cardiology 2023 1MB (28 decks)

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