Congenital heart disease

Question 1

Congenital Heart Disease ?

Answer 1

Abnormality of the structure of the heart/great vessels present at birth

Question 2

Cyanotic defects

Answer 2

Cyanosisoccurs whendeoxygenated bloodenters thesystemic circulation. Cyanotic heart disease occurs when blood canbypassthepulmonary circulationand thelungs. This occurs across aright-to-left shunt. Aright-to-leftshunt describes any defect that allows blood to flow from theright side of the heart(thedeoxygenatedblood returning from the body) to theleft side of the heart(the blood exiting the heart into the systemic circulation), without travelling through the lungs to get oxygenated.

Question 3

Acyanotic heart disease

Answer 3

where the blood contains enough oxygen but it’s pumped abnormally around the body. babes may present as asymptomatic but they may develop symptoms at older age

Question 4

What are the different investigations for Congenital Heart Disease ?

Answer 4

Antenatally

-

Newborn screening

Cyanosis events of low oxygen

Question 5

waht’s the management antenatally with duct dependent lesion

Answer 5

IV PGE2

Question 6

what are the clinical examinations for newborn screening

Answer 6

1. 24 hour clinical examination include femoral pulses , heart sounds and check for murmurs
2. Pre and post ductal saturation measurement

Question 7

when does cyanosis mostly happen ?

Answer 7

shortly after the first birth
symptom of respiratory disease and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Question 8

Duct dependent circulation

Answer 8

present in 4-7 days
absence of pulses due to hepatomegaly
treated with IV PGE2

Question 9

Cardiac failure symptoms

Answer 9

• Failure to thrive
• Slow/reduced feeding
• Breathlessness (especially when feeding)
• Sweatiness
• Hepatomegaly (disruption in blood homeostasis)
• Crepitations

Question 10

pulmonary stenosis how and when it might present

Answer 10

will have a murmur

Question 11

AVSD how and when it might present

Answer 11

Antenatally detected
Cyanosis-Quite subtle
Cardiac failure By around 4-8 weeks of age

Question 12

Tetralogy of Fallot how and when it might present

Answer 12

Antenatal diagnosis
Murmur
Cyanosis
Congestive cardiac failure
Collapse at duct closure

Question 13

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Answer 13

Antenatal diagnosis
Collapse at time of duct closure

Question 14

Ductus Arteriosus in foetal In Adults ?

Answer 14

Ligmentum arteriouseum
(in foetal it allow blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation)

Question 15

Ductus venosus roll ?

Answer 15

connect the umbilical venin to the Inferior vena cava

Question 16

Foramen ovale in foetal in adults

Answer 16

Fosa Ovalis (it allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium )

Question 17

Umbilical artery

Answer 17

connect the iliac artery to the placenta

Question 18

how is the carotid is palpated

Answer 18

anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the superior border of thyroid cartilage.