Pharmacological Management of Airway and Lung Diseases Flashcards
What do antihistamine agents do?
-block effects of histamine resulting in a decrease in nasal congestion, mucosal irritation, and symptoms fo common cold, sinusitis, conjunctivities, and allergies
Ex: benadryl, allegra, claritin
What are the indications for antihistamine agents?
respiratory seasonal allergies rhinitis and sneezing from common cold allergic conjuntivitis motion sickness Parkinson's disease
What are the side effects of antihistamine agents?
arrhythmias postural hypotension GI distress dizziness drowsiness HA blurred vision fatigue nausea thickening of bronchial secretions
What are the implications for PT if pts use antihistamine agents?
- increase guarding during positional changes
- closely monitor pt during exercise
What do anti-inflammatory agents do?
Inhaled coritcosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and mast cell stabilizers help prevent inflammatory mediated bronchoconstriction by inhibiting production of inflammatory cells
-suppress release of inflammatory mediators
-reverse capillary permeability reducing airway edema
Ex: Pulmicort, AeroBid, Cromolyn Sodium
What are the indications for anti-inflammatory agents?
bronchospasms
asthma
What are the side effects of anti-inflammatory agents?
Corticosteroids:
-systemic effects are decreased with inhaled form
-Systemic effects- damage of supporting tissue, skin breakdown, osteoporosis, decreased bone density, glaucoma, and delayed growth
-Local effects- nasal irritation adn dryness, sneezing and bloody mucus
Leucotriene modificer:
-liver dysfunction
Mast cell stabilizers:
-bronchospasms, throat and nasal irritation, cough, GI distress
What are the implications for PT if a pt uses anti-inflammatory agents?
- instruct pt in correct use of inhaler and to rinse mouth with water after use to avoid irritation of local mucosa
- Advise pts these are not bronchodilators and should not be used to treat acute episodes of asthma
- inform pts to contact their HCP immediately if experience s/s of liver failure (fatigue, flu-like symptoms, jaundice, lethargy)
What do bronchodilator agents do?
relieve bronchospasms by stimulating the receptors that cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation or block the receptors that trigger bronchoconstriction
Ex: Atrovent, Albuterol, Serevent
What are the indications for bronchodilator agents?
broncospasms
wheezing
SOB in asthma and COPD
What are the side effects of bronchodilator agents?
(depending on class of drug) bronchospasm dry mouth GI distress chest pain palpitations tremor nervousness
What are the implications for PT if a pt uses bronchodilator agents?
- have pt take Rx before treatment and bring short acting sympathomimetics (rescure meds) with them
- cardiac or vision abnormalities may indicate toxicity- notify MD immediately
What do expectorant agents do?
increase respiratory secretions which help loosen
reducing the viscosity of secretions and increasing sputum volume improves the efficiency of cough reflex and of ciliary action in removing accumulated secretions
Ex: Mucinex, Guafenesin, Terpin Hydrate
What are the indications of expectorant agents?
cough associated with respiratory tract infections and related conditions such as sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and asthma, when complicated by tenacious mucus or mucus plugs and congestion
What are the side effects of expectorant agents?
GI distress
drowsiness
