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Toxicology and Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics One and Two > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics One and Two Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic pharmacokinetics perameters?

A 
Bioavailibility
Volume of distribution
- Loading Dose
Plasma Clearance
- Maintanence dose
Half life
-accumulation
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2
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The study of ADME on a quantitative basis

-How drug concentrations change with time from administration

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3
Q

What is the true definition of pharmacokinetics?

A

Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug concentrations time profile in the body

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4
Q

What is the basic time course of a drug?

A

Absorption
Distribution
(metabolism or) Excretion

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5
Q

What is drug absorption?

A

Process by which the unchanged drug moves from the site of administration into systemic circulation

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6
Q

What is drug absorption relevant for?

A

Non-vascular administration (not-intravenous (IV))

  • Oral (po)
  • Subcutaneous (sc)
  • Intramuscular (im)
  • Rectal (pr)
  • (sublingual)
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7
Q

What is bioavailibility?

A

The fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation (out of dose administered- some may break down or be excreted-known as first phase effect)

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8
Q

What is the equation for bioavailibility?

A

F = AUCpo x DOSEiv
AUCIV DOSEpo

AUC = Area under plasma concentration curve vs time

F is constant, so you can change the doseage and to change the AUC, but F will always be the same

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9
Q

What is the first phase effect?

A

Loss of drug occurring before the drug reaches systemic circulation

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10
Q

What are the three pharmacokinetic parameters?

A

Volume of distribution
Plasma Clearance (cl)
Plasma half life (T0.5)

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11
Q

What is distribution?

A

Processes involved in delivery of the drug to the tissues via the arterial blood. (general circulation to tissue)

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12
Q

What defines distribution?

A

The parameter known as volume of distribution

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13
Q

What is the equation for the volume of distribution?

A

V = Amount of drug in the body

Plasma drug concentration

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14
Q

What are the determinants for the volume of distribution?

A 
Blood Flow
Body mass and composition
Physicochemico properties of the drug
Tissue binding
Drug binding to plasma proteins (decreases v)
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15
Q

What is the loading dose?

A

The first dose a drug treatment, required to reach the target concentration RAPIDLY

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16
Q

What is the equation of LD(mg)?

A

LD = V(L) x target concentration (mg/L)

Two factors must be known

17
Q

What is drug elimination?

A

The irreversible removal of drug from the body

18
Q

What process can occur to cause drug elimination?

A 
Drug metabolism (conversion of drug into another chemical species)
Drug excretion (loss of drug in bile or urine)
19
Q

What is the definition of clearance?

A

Volume of plasma drug cleared per a unit time (L/h)

20
Q

What is the equation for elimination rate?

A

CL x concentration = elimination rate

21
Q

What is the equation for clearance?

A

Cl= Dose / AUC

22
Q

What is the definition of maintenance dose(MD)?

A

Dose rate to achieve and maintain a target concentration

23
Q

What is steady state?

A

When dose rate in= rate of elimination

24
Q

What is the equation for MD?

A

MD (mg/h) = CL (l/h) x Target concentration (mg/L)

25
Q

What is half life?

A

The time required for drug concentration to halve

26
Q

What does half life depend on?

A

Volume and clearance

27
Q

Is half life variable?

A

Usually constant irrespective of drug concentration

28
Q

What is the concentration of drug in the body related to?

A

The number of half lives that have occured since the time of administration

29
Q

If the half life is known then what is it possible to calculate?

A

How much drug is left in the body

How long it will take to reach steady state

30
Q

What is the equation for half life?

A

T0.5 = 0.7 V/Cl

31
Q

after four half lifes how much drug will have been eliminated?

A

more than 90%

32
Q

What does half lives help predict?

A

When the therapeutic or toxic drug effect is likely to cease

33
Q

How many half lives is considered the point where a negligible amount of drug remains in the system?

A

Four half lives

34
Q

What is accumulation?

A

When after repeated dosing or infusion, the drug will accumulate in the body until input rate= elimination rate (steady state)

35
Q

When does steady state occur?

A

Drug accumulation is complete(no longer occurring) and concentrations have plateaued (low level of drug)

36
Q

How many half lives does it usually take to reach steady state?

A

Four

37
Q

What is the time course of drug concentration determined by? (reset me)

A

Bioavailibility (F)
Distribution (V)
Clearance (CL)

Toxicology and Pharmacology (32 decks)

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