Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

What is the ADME process?

Answer 1

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 2

How does the body handle drugs?

Answer 2

Through the ADME process

Question 3

The amount of drug actually active in the body tissues

Answer 3

Bioavailability

Question 4

List some ways in which the bioavailability of a drug can be affected.

Answer 4

Rate at which drug dissolves in GI tract
Amount and rate of drug absorbed
Formulation
First pass effect

Question 5

Describe the first pass effect.

Answer 5

Drugs pass through the liver where they are metabolized before been distributed into the bloodstream.

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE

Almost all drug absorption takes place in the small intestine.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

What type of food should be avoided when taking antibiotics?

Answer 7

Dairy

Question 8

What type of coating is put on drugs in order to have an extended release?

Answer 8

Enteric coating

Question 9

What should you NOT do to extended release drugs?

Answer 9

Do not crush, cut or manipulate physical structure of drug.

Question 10

Choose the correct answer:

Exercise (decreases/increases) absorption of drugs taken by mouth.

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

How does exercise affect the absorption of a drug?

Answer 11

Blood supply is diverted away from the GI tract to the skeletal muscles decreasing the therapeutic effect of the drug.

Question 12

TRUE or FALSE

Buccal and sublingual absorption of drugs eliminates the fist pass effect.

Answer 12

FALSE

Question 13

With rectal administration the drug dissolves in the rectum and is absorbed into the bloodstream by the_____ veins

Answer 13

hemorrhoidal

Question 14

Choose the correct answer:

Exercise (decreases/increases) the distribution rate of drugs.

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

How is distribution of a drug affected by it lipid solubility?

Answer 15

Lipid soluble drugs can easily pass through fat stores and cell membranes (phospholipid bilayers)
Lipid soluble drugs can be stored in the body providing longer lasting effects.

Question 16

The primary site of drugs metabolism is the _____.

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

List methods of drug metabolism in the body.

Answer 17

GI tract
Kidneys
Lungs

Question 18

The primary method of drug elimination from the body is _____.

Answer 18

Urine

Question 19

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug elimination.

Answer 19

Kidneys

Question 20

Choose the correct answer:

Exercise can (decrease/increase) the rate of excretion since blood flow will be diverted away from the kidneys to the working skeletal muscle

Answer 20

decrease

Question 21

Other than exercise, how else can excretion rate be affected?

Answer 21

Half-life of drug

Question 22

The time required for the body to eliminate one-half of a dosage of a drug by regular physical processes

Answer 22

Half-life

Question 23

How many hours will it take for the blood concentration of a drug to be decreased by 50% if it has a half-life of 8 hours?

Answer 23

8 hours

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE

Lipid soluble drugs will have shorter half-life than water soluble drugs

Answer 24

FALSE: Water soluble drugs will have shorter half-life than lipid soluble drugs

Question 25

List factors affecting drug response.

Answer 25

Age – infants and elderly
Weight 
Gender 
Time of administration 
Exposure to other chemicals 
Presence of Disease