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Pharmacology 1 Exam 1 > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics refers to?

A

using mathematical models to quantitative the time course of drug absorption and disposition in man and animals

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2
Q

what does rate refer to?

A

how fast the mass (dose) of a drug changes per unit time (mg/min)

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3
Q

what does the extent refer to?

A

how much of the mass (dose) of a drug changes in total

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4
Q

rate and extent describe the

A

flux of a drug within a system

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5
Q

What is a one-compartment model?

A

consider the body as consisting of a single, homogeneous compartment.
Volume of this theoretical compartment would equal the volume of distribution (Vd)

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6
Q

What is a 2 compartment model?

A

one central compartment (blood stream) where the drug is added and a secondary compartment to which the drug distributes.
usually has to get back into Blood Stream to be eliminated

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7
Q

What is the primary method for which pharmacokinetic parameters are determined in Vet Med?

A

Non-compartmental (stochasitc) models

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8
Q

Non-compartmental models provide important pharmacologic parameters in terms of statistical moments like.

A

the Mean Residence Time ( represents the avr. amnt. of time any given molecule of drug stays in the body)

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9
Q

What is population pharmacokinetics?

A

allows studies of large numbers of animals with less individual sampling.

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10
Q

What can population pharmacokinetics help do?

A

development of parameters for a drug that would apply to all breeds, ages, gender, etc.

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11
Q

What is Allometric scaling?

A

uses data on multiple species to try to predict the behavior of a drug in a species for which the info is unknown.

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12
Q

When are non-liner models used?

A

when drugs follow zero order kinetics.

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13
Q

What is Bioavailabilty (F)?

A

the fraction of a given dose which finds its way into circulation

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14
Q

how is Bioavailabitly (F) calculated

A

from the Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) expressed in proportion to the AUCiv (bc a drug that is given IV is 100% in systemic circulation)

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15
Q

what is bioequvalance?

A

different formulations of the same drug are bioequivalent when they are absorbed to a similar extent and similar rate Cmax and Tmax have to be similar

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16
Q

What is Half-life (t1/2)

A

the time required for a drug concentration to decrease by one-half or (50%)

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17
Q

what type of drugs dont follow 50% half life?

A

zero-order kinetic drugs will have a half-life dose that varies

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18
Q

what drugs will follow 50% half life?

A

drugs that follow 1st order kinetics, half-life will not change regardless of dose

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19
Q

what is zero order elimination?

A

the AMOUNT of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed. regardless of plasma conc.

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20
Q

what is first order elimination?

A

the Proportion of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed. rate of elimination depends on plasma concentration

21
Q

the majority of veterinary drugs follow what order of elimination?

A

first order at therapeutic doses

compartment or stochastic models work well for predicting pharmacokinetics

22
Q

what does the slope of elimination give?

A

Gives the Kel (elimination rate constant)

23
Q

After 1 half-life the drugs is ____% gone.

A

50%

24
Q

After 2 half-life the drugs is ____% gone.

A

75%

25
Q

After 3.3 half-life the drugs is ____% gone.

A

~90%

26
Q

After 5 half-life the drugs is ____% gone.

A

~97%

27
Q

What is Plasma Concentration at steady state (CPss)?

A

the concentration at which the amount of drug going in ( repeated dosing or CRI) is equal to the amount going out (clearance CLb)

28
Q

How do you measure therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)

A

choose a particular time of the ay and always measure it at that same time (EX. 4 hr after morning pill)

29
Q

What is the apparent volume of distribution (Vd)

A

the theoretical volume a drug would occupy if it was evenly distributed throughout the body at the same concentration as in plasma.

30
Q

what does a very low Vd suggest?

A

the drug is not being distributed to all the tissue

31
Q

What does a very high Vd suggest?

A

suggests that the drug is distributiong preferentially to tissue and may even be sequestered somewhere.

32
Q

what is a high Vd?

A

Vd > 1L/kg

33
Q

what is a low Vd

A

Vd < 1L/Kg

34
Q

What is total body clearance (CLb)

A

the volume of distribution of drug in the body cleared of the drug per unit time (mL/min/kg)

35
Q

CLb equals the

A

CLr + CLh + CLo = CLb

36
Q

As Vd increases T 1/2 ______

A

increases

37
Q

as clearance increases T1/2 ______

A

decreases

38
Q

As Vd decreases T 1/2 _____

A

gets shorter

39
Q

As Clearance decreases T1/2 ____

A

gets longer

40
Q

What is the abbreviation for Volume of distribution?

A

Vd

41
Q

What is the abbreviation for bioaviliblity?

A

F

42
Q

What is the abbreviation for area under the plasma concentration curve?

A

AUC

43
Q

what does Cmax stand for?

A

maximum plasma conc.

44
Q

what does Tmax stand for

A

the time at which Cmax is reached.

45
Q

what is Kel?

A

elimination rate constant (slope of elimination)

46
Q

What is CPss?

A

plasma concentration steady state

47
Q

what does Cp stand for

A

concentration in plasma

48
Q

What is the abbreviation for total body clearance?

A

CLb

Pharmacology 1 Exam 1 (8 decks)

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