Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

This branch of pharmacology is also
concerned with a drug’s onset of action, peak concentration level, and duration
of action

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

Kinetics refers to movement. Pharmacokinetics deals
with a drug’s actions as it moves through the body. Therefore, pharmacokinetics discusses how a drug is:

Is also the Drug Equilibrium.

Answer 2

⚬ Absorbed (taken into the body)
⚬ Distributed (moved into various tissues)
⚬ Metabolized (changed into a form that can be excreted)
⚬ Excreted (removed from the body).

Question 3

On a cellular level, drugs are absorbed by several means—primarily through (Answer) and (Answer) transportation.

Answer 3

Passive and Active transportation

Question 4

Distribution of an absorbed drug within the body depends on
several factors:

Answer 4

⚬ blood flow
⚬ solubility
⚬ protein binding

Question 5

is the process by which the body changes a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can then be excreted.

Answer 5

Drug metabolism (or biotransformation)

Question 6

Most drugs are metabolized into (Answer) metabolites (products of metabolism), which
are then excreted.

Answer 6

Inactive

Question 7

What are the different ways drugs can be excreted and leave the body (except Kidneys)

Answer 7

• Lungs
• Exocrine (sweat, salivary, or mammary) glands
• Skin
• Intestinal tract.

Question 8

The amount of drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect

Answer 8

Critical Concentration

Question 9

A higher dose than that usually used for treatment to reach critical concentration quickly

Answer 9

Loading Dose

Question 10

Process of Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 10

• Absorption from the site of entry
• Distribution to the active site
• Biotransformation (metabolism) in the liver
• Excretion from the body

Question 11

Refers to what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues

Answer 11

Absorption

Question 12

Drug absorption is influenced by (Answer)

Answer 12

Route of Administration

Question 13

Processes of Absorption

Answer 13

Passive Diffusion
Active Transportation
Filtration

Question 14

• Major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body
• Occurs across a concentration gradient
• Movement from an area of greater concentration to lower concentration

Answer 14

Passive Diffusion

Question 15

• Process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane

Answer 15

Active Transport

Question 16

• Involves movement through pores in the cell membrane either down a concentration gradient or as a result of the pull of plasma protein

Answer 16

Filtration

Question 17

What are the considerations involved in Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 17

• onset of drug action (how long it will take to see the beginning of the
  therapeutic effect)
• drug half life
• timing of the peak effect (how long it
  will take to see the maximum effect of the drug)

*duration of drug effects (how long the patient will experience the drug effects),
*metabolism or biotransformation of the drug,

*site of excretion.

Question 18

involves the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism
(biotransformation), and excretion of drugs

Answer 18

Pharmacokinetics

Question 19

Most drugs are bound to some extent to proteins in the blood
to be carried to the circulation.

Answer 19

Protein Binding

Question 20

Is a protective system of cellular activity that keeps
many things away from the CNS.

Answer 20

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 21

The process by which drugs are changed into new, less active chemicals.

Answer 21

METABOLISM (BIOTRANSFORMATION)

Question 22

Drugs that are taken orally are usually absorbed from the small
intestine directly into the portal venous system. The portal veins
deliver these absorbed molecules into the liver, which immediately
transforms most of the chemicals delivered to it by a series of liver
enzymes. These enzymes break the drug into metabolites, some of
which are deactivated and can be readily excreted from the body.

Answer 22

First Pass effect

Question 23

Is the removal of drug from the body

Answer 23

Excretion

Question 23

What kind of filtration is excreted through the kidneys?

Answer 23

Glomerular filtration

Question 24

is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one half of the peak level it previously achieved.

Answer 24

Half life

Question 25

This information is important in determining the appropriate timing for a drug dose or determining the duration of a drug’s effect on the body

Answer 25

Half life

Question 26

Factors affecting drug effects

Answer 26

• Weight
• Age
• Gender
• Physiologic factors
• Pathological factors
• Genetic factors
• Immunological Factors
• Psychological Factors
• Environmental Factors