Factors affecting Drug Absorption

Question 1

How does the Intravenous route affect drug absorption?

Answer 1

None: Because it is directly injected in the bloodstream

Question 2

How does the Intramuscular route affect drug absorption?

Answer 2

Perfusion or blood flow to the muscle depends on fat content and temperature.

• Cold causes vasoconstriction and decreases absorption
• Heat causes vasodilation and increases absorption

Question 3

How does the Subcutaneous route affect drug absorption?

Answer 3

Perfusion or blood flow to the muscle depends on fat content and temperature.

• Cold causes vasoconstriction and decreases absorption
• Heat causes vasodilation and increases absorption

(NOTE: Same as IM route)

Question 4

How does the oral route (or PO) affect drug absorption?

Answer 4

• Acidity of stomach
• Length of time in stomach
• Blood flow to gastrointestinal tract
• Presence of interacting foods or drug

Question 5

How does the rectal route (or PR) affect drug absorption?

Answer 5

• Perfusion or blood flow to the area
• Lesions in the rectum region
• Length of time for absorption

Question 6

How does the mucous membrane route (buccal, sublingual, translingual) affect drug absorption?

Answer 6

• Perfusion or blood flow to the area
• Integrity of the mucous membrane
• Presence of smoke or food
• Length of time retained in area

Question 7

How does the topical (skin) route affect drug absorption?

Answer 7

• Perfusion or blood flow to the area
• Integrity of skin

Question 8

How does the inhalation route affect drug absorption?

Answer 8

• Perfusion or blood flow to the area
• Integrity of lung lining
• Ability to administer drug properly

Question 9

Happens when two or more drugs or substances are taken together, there is a possibility that an (answer) can occur, causing unanticipated effects in the body

Answer 9

Interactions

Question 10

Drug to Drug or Drug to Alternative Therapy Interactions

Answer 10

• At the site of absorption
• During distribution
• During metabolism
• During excretion
• At the site of action

Question 11

What is Drug to Laboratory Test Interaction?

Answer 11

administration of a particular drug may alter results of tests that are done on various chemical levels or reactions as part of a diagnostic study.

Question 12

What are the Drug to Food interactions?

Answer 12

• Some foods increase acid production, speeding the breakdown of the drug molecule and preventing absorption and distribution of the drug.
• Some foods chemically react with certain drugs and prevent their absorption into the body.

Question 13

Are undesired effects that may be unpleasant or even dangerous.

Answer 13

Adverse effects

Question 14

What are the examples of adverse effects?

Answer 14

• The drug may have other effects on the body besides the therapeutic effect
• The patient may be sensitive to the drug being given.
• The drug’s action on the body may cause other responses that are
  undesirable or unpleasant.
• The patient may be taking too much or too little of the drug, leading to
  adverse effects.

Question 15

Development of adverse reaction from
simple overdose which can be caused
by individual response to the drug, high or low body weight, age or underlying pathology that alters the effects of the drug

Answer 15

Primary Action

Question 16

This type of adverse effect can be
avoided by monitoring the patient
carefully and adjusting the prescribed
dose to fit that particular patient’s
needs.

Answer 16

Primary Action

Question 17

Effects of the drug in addition to the
desired pharmacological effect

Answer 17

Secondary Action

Question 18

Excessively responsive to either the
primary or the secondary effects of a
drug. It may result from pathological
or underlying condition.

Answer 18

Hypersensitivity