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Veterinary Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What does ADME stand for

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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2
Q

What is absorption

A

When drug goes into blood after administering

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3
Q

What is distribution

A

When drug gets taken around the body or to the site of action

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4
Q

What is metabolism

A

When drug is changed chemically into a more polar molecule to be excreted or eliminated

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5
Q

What is excretion

A

Drug is removed from body

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6
Q

What is routes of administration

A

Intravenous injection
Intramuscular injection
Subcutaneous injection
Epidural injection
Intrarticular injection
Intraperitoneal injection
Oral - drugs

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7
Q

What is a intravenous injection

A

Inject into vein

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8
Q

What is a intramuscular injection

A

Inject directly into muscle

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9
Q

What is a subcutaneous injection

A

Just under the skin

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10
Q

What is an epidural

A

Inject into spine

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11
Q

What is an interarticual injection

A

Into the joint

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12
Q

What is the interperitoneal injection

A

Inject into peritoneal space

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13
Q

What is oral administration

A

Drugs are given through the mouth in:
Tablet
Capsules
Powders
Solutions
Suspensions

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14
Q

What factors effect they way a drug is delivered

A

Is it available in a tablet or liquid form
Condition that is being treated
Chemical properties of the drug
Is the drug irritable to tissues - can the injected
How easy is it to administer to the animal

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15
Q

What do drugs contain

A

Infers
Lubricants
Disintergrants
Preservatives
Colours
Coatings

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16
Q

What are binders in drugs

A

Ensure tablets have the correct strength and hardness - allows drug to stay together in the bottle and mouth and disintergrate in stomach or intestine

17
Q

What are lubricants in oral tablets

A

Make powder flow into the tablet press proprly e..g silica gel

18
Q

What are disintegrants

A

Make tablet disintegrate in stomach or intestine

19
Q

What are preservatives

A

Protect sensitive drugs against oxidation or bacterial damage

20
Q

What are colours important for when it comes to tablets

A

Identify drug and dose

21
Q

Why do we have coatings on drugs

A

Protect form environments dn make it easier to swallow

22
Q

What does absorption depend on

A

Animal species
Age
Gender
Genetic factors
Metabolism
State of health/disease

23
Q

What happens to oral tablets during disintegration

A

Tablet gets to stomach it has to disintegrate, if it doesnt it will only lose its outer cat - wont be as effective.
When tablet disintegrates the fragments spread throughout the stomach - they have a larger surface area
More surface area = faster distribution

24
Q

What ais the rule of 5

A

No more than 5 hydrogen bond donors
No more thn 10 hydrogen bond acceptors
Molecular weight less than 500
Log p should be less than 5

25
Q

What is bioavailability

A

How much drug enters blood

26
Q

What is the bioavailability of drugs that are given orally

A

Less than 1

27
Q

What is the bioavailability of drugs that are given intravenously - 100%

A
28
Q

What is volume distribution

A

The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration as is observed in the blood lasma
- measure of how slug is distributed around the body

29
Q

How does the drug leave the blood

A

Capillaries - 1 cell thick - allows infusion from the molecules into surrounding tissues - only work for small molecule drugs
Capillaries have greatest surface area

30
Q

What is tissue perfusion

A

Affects how rapidly drugs are distributed to different tissues

31
Q

What happens to dru distibution in different vascularised tissues

A

Poorly vascualrised tissues = drugs slowly distributed
Well vascularised tissues - drugs rapidly distributed

32
Q

What happens to drugs when area has different blood supplies

A

Good supply - distrubuted faster
Pooor supply - distrubuted slower

33
Q

What does protein binding plasma do to distribution fo drugs

A

Protein binding affects distribution of drugs
Drugs bind to different proteins e.g. albumin

34
Q

Can drugs bound to proteins go through capillaries

A

No hey cannot only drugs who are on their own can go through cappilarries

Veterinary Pharmacology (12 decks)

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