Pharmacokinetic and Dynamics

Question 1

Study of the drugs actions on the body

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

The movement of a drug from the site of application to the specific target

Answer 2

Absorption

Question 3

The process whereby a drug is transported from the site of absorption to the site of action

Answer 3

Distribution

Question 4

How a drug is metabolized or broken down into different chemicals

Answer 4

Biotransformation

Question 5

Movement of a drug out of the body

Answer 5

Elimination

Question 6

Factors that Affect Drug Absorption

Answer 6

1. Drug solubility
2. Drug concentration
3. Drug pH
4. Site of absorption
5. Absorbing surface area
6. Circulatory status- force and volume of blood flow
7. Bioavailability

Question 7

Amount of medication in systemic circulation

Answer 7

Bioavailability

Question 8

The tendency of a drug to dissolve

Answer 8

Solubility

Question 9

Note for Drug Concentration

Answer 9

Drugs given in high concentrations are more quickly absorbed than those in low concentration

Question 10

Drug pH Notes

Answer 10

• Acidic drugs more rapidly absorbed in acidic environments (stomach)
• Basic drugs more rapidly absorbed in alkaline environments (kidneys)

Question 11

Factors Affecting Distribution

Answer 11

1. Cardiovascular function
2. Regional Blood flow
3. Drug storage reservoirs
4. Physiological barriers

Question 12

Prevents most drugs from passing directly into brain

Answer 12

Blood-Brain Barrier

Question 12

What does the Blood Brain Barrier Consist of?

Answer 12

Network of capillary endothelial cells, surrounded by glial connective tissue

Question 13

What can pass through the Blood Brain Barrier?

Answer 13

• Fats, fatty acids
• O2 and CO2
• Fat soluble molecules (anesthetics, nicotine, entonox, alcohol)

Question 14

Acts as a barrier to some substances passing from mother into fetal circulation

Answer 14

Placental Barrier

Question 15

Everything taken PO is metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic circulation

Answer 15

Hepatic “First Pass” Metabolism

Question 16

Cumulative drug effects may occur

Answer 16

Decreased Biotransformation

Question 17

Dosing rates may need to be increased to maintain effective plasma concentrations

Answer 17

Increased Biotransformation

Question 18

Time required for the total amount of a drug in the body to decrease by half

Answer 18

Drug Half-Life

Question 19

What drugs will do to the body

Answer 19

Pharmacodynamics

Question 20

Anticipated response beyond the desired effect

Answer 20

Predictable Responses

Question 21

Factors Affecting Drug Responses

Answer 21

1. Age
2. Weight
3. Gender
4. Environment
5. Time of administration
6. Condition of patient
7. Genetic factors

Question 22

Minimum drug amount necessary for an ideal or desired response in the body
- Excess drug amount may be toxic or fatal
- Dosage is determined by reaching ideal effects

Answer 22

Therapeutic Index

Question 23

An adverse condition inadvertently induced in a patient by the treatment given

Answer 23

Iatrogenic Responses

Question 24

Decreased response to the same amount of medication

Answer 24

Tolerance

Question 25

Concentration needed to become effective

Answer 25

Minimum Concentration

Question 26

• Prolonged administration may lead to this
• Significant symptoms of they stop using the medication

Answer 26

Drug Dependency

Question 27

Increases effort of a drug given in several successive effects

Answer 27

Cumulative Effect

Question 28

Majority of drugs act by binding to the protein molecules on the surfaces of cells

Answer 28

Receptor Theory

Question 29

Minimum concentration necessary for a drug to produce its desired effect

Answer 29

Therapeutic Threshold