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Pharmacology > Endocrine Medications > Flashcards

Endocrine Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Oral Glucose

A

Caloric Agent

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2
Q

Action of Oral Glucose

A

A simple monasaccharide used to increase circulating blood glucose levels

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3
Q

Indications for Oral Glucose

A

Conscious patients with suspected hypoglycemia

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4
Q

Contraindications for Oral Glucose

A
  • Unconscious
  • Hyperglycemia
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5
Q

Adult Dose of Oral Glucose

A

25 g PO q 5 mins, max 50 g

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6
Q

Side Effects of Oral Glucose

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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7
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Glucose

A

Onset: 5-15 mins
Duration: Varies

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8
Q

Considerations for Oral Glucose

A
  • Must be swallowed. Not absorbed sublingually
  • A complex carbohydrate must be given to prevent relapse after hypoglycemia is corrected
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9
Q

Classification of Dextrose - D50W

A

Caloric Agent

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10
Q

Actions of Dextrose- D50W

A
  • Rapidly increases serum glucose levels
  • Hypertonic solution producing a transient movement of water from interstitial spaces into venous system
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11
Q

Indications for Dextrose- D50W

A

Hypoglycemia with altered LOC, low BGL

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12
Q

Contraindications of Dextrose- D50W

A
  • Allergy to corn/corn products
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypersensitivity
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13
Q

Adult Dose for Dextrose- D50W

A

Hypoglycemia: 25g SIVP/IO q 5 mins, titrate to BGL >/= 4.00 mmol/L pr patient improvement, max 50g

Suspected Stroke: 12.5g SIVP/IO q 5 min prn, titrate to BGL >/= 3.00 mmol/L or patient improvement, max 50 g

Suspected head injury: 12.5 g SIVP/IO q 5 min prn, titrate to BGL >/= 4 mmol/L or patient improvement, max 50 g

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14
Q

Pediatric Dose for Dextrose

A

Less than 10kg: 0.5g/kg D10W SIVP/IO q 5 min prn, titrate to BGL >/= 4mmol/L or patient improvement

More than 10kg an less than 40kg: 0.5g/kg D25W SIVP/IO to single max dose of 12.5 g q 5 min, titrate to BGL >/= 4mmol/L or patient improvement

More than/ equal to 40kg: 12.5 g D50W SIVP/IO q 5 min prn, single max dose, titrate to BGL >/= 4mmol/L or patient improvement

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15
Q

Side effects of Dextrose- D50W

A
  • May aggravate hypertension and CHF
  • May cause neurological symptoms in the alcohol patient (Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Korsakoff’s Syndrome)
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16
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Dextrose- D50W

A

Onset: <1 min
Duration: Varies

17
Q

Considerations for Dextrose- D50W

A
  • Other carbohydrates must be given to prevent relapse after hypoglycemia is corrected
  • At least an 18 g IV needle has to be used with a NS bag
18
Q

Precautions with Dextrose- D50W

A
  • Suspected intracranial hemorrhage, CVA (Half the dose in this case)
19
Q

Classification of Glucagon

A
  • Hormone
  • Hyperglycemic agent
20
Q

Action of Glucagon

A
  • Increases BGL by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver, converting glycogon to glucose
  • Excreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas
  • Causes smooth muscle relaxation
  • Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
21
Q

Indications for Glucagon

A

Altered LOC when confirmed hypoglycemia and IV is unable to be established

22
Q

Contraindication for Glucagon

A
  • Hyperglycemia, Hypersensitivity
  • Pheochromocytoma- may stimulate the release of catecholamines from the tumor resulting in sudden increase of BP
  • Hypersensitivity to pork or beef products
23
Q

Adult Dose of Glucagon

A

1mg IM q 15 min prn, max 2 mg

24
Q

Pediatric dose for Glucagon

A

Less than 20kg: 0.5mg IM q 15 min prn, max 1 mg

More than/equal to 20kg: 1 mg IM q 15 min prn, total max

25
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Glucagon

A

Onset: 5-15 mins
Duration: Varies

26
Q

Considerations of Glucagon

A

Other carbohydrates must be given to prevent relapse after hypoglycemia is corrected

27
Q

An acute and reversible disorder as a result of lack of thiamine associated with chronic alcoholism. It is characterized by poor voluntary muscle coordination, nystagmus and mental derangement

A

Wernicke’s Syndrome

28
Q

A frequent result of severe deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine) resulting in significant memory loss and can be irreversible

A

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

29
Q

Actions of Insulin

A

Allows glucose transport into cells of all tissues

30
Q

Indications for Insulin

A

Not used in emergency setting

31
Q

Contraindications fo Insulin

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypokalemia
32
Q

Adverse reactions of Insulin

A
  • Weakness
  • Fatigue
  • Confusion
  • Headache
33
Q

Considerations for Insulin

A
  • Needs to be refrigerated
  • Subcutaneously injected as it would be degraded in the GI tracts if taken enterally
34
Q

Types of Insulin

A
  1. Rapid acting
  2. Short acting/Regular
  3. Intermediate Acting
  4. Premixed
  5. Long acting
35
Q

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

A
  • Glyburise
  • Metformin

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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