pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Two major divisions of pharmacology are:

A)

Biotransformation and elimination.

B)

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

C)

Active transport and diffusion.

D)

Pharmacognosy and biotransformation.

Answer 1

pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Question 2

Which of the following factors is NOT a component of pharmacokinetics?

A)

Biotransformation

B)

Binding

C)

Distribution

D)

Absorption

Answer 2

Binding

Question 3

Drug A requires the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in order to move into the cellular membrane. This type of diffusion is known as:

A)

Osmosis.

B)

Facilitated.

C)

Elimination.

D)

Active transport.

Answer 3

active transport

Question 4

Glucose in the bloodstream is a large molecule that cannot readily enter a cell unless it binds with insulin. This BEST describes:

A)

Osmosis.

B)

Diffusion.

C)

Carrier-mediated diffusion.

D)

Absorption.

Answer 4

carrier mediated diffusion

Question 5

The term ________ describes the movement of molecules across a membrane down a pressure gradient from an area of higher pressure to and area of lower pressure normally resulting from hydrostatic forces.

A)

Active transport

B)

Carrier-mediated diffusion

C)

Osmosis

D)

Filtration

Answer 5

filtration

Question 6

________ describes the movement of a medication from the site of application into the body and into the extracellular compartment.

A)

Osmosis

B)

Diffusion

C)

Elimination

D)

Absorption

Answer 6

absorption

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the absorption of a medication?

A)

pH of the medication

B)

Medication potency

C)

Concentration of the medication

D)

Surface area

Answer 7

pH of the medication

Question 8

Which of the following forms of absorption is generally the slowest due to the decreased vascular supply?

A)

Intramuscular

B)

Sublingual

C)

Subcutaneous

D)

Intravenous

Answer 8

subcutaneous

Question 9

________ BEST describes the process in which a medication is transported from the site of absorption to the site of action.

A)

Distribution

B)

Diffusion

C)

Active transport

D)

Elimination

Answer 9

distribution

Question 10

You are treating a patient who suffers from renal disease and decreased perfusion of the kidneys. What effect will this have on the distribution of a drug that normally acts on kidneys, such as the diuretic medication Lasix?

A)

The drug will be present in increased concentrations at the kidneys resulting in toxicity.

B)

As the kidneys are a primary organ of elimination, the effects of the drug will be unchanged.

C)

The drug will most likely be metabolized by the liver resulting in the same effects systemically.

D)

The drug will be poorly delivered to the kidneys due to a decreased perfusion and will not produce the desired results.

Answer 10

the drug will be poorly delivered to the kidneys due to a decreased perfusion and will not produce the desired results

Question 11

While researching the drug amiodarone, you read that the drug is considered to be highly protein bound upon entering the body. Knowing this, you can deduce that:

A)

The drug is largely ineffective when administered by intravenous route.

B)

The drug remains bound to proteins but will slowly release the active component when necessary resulting in a long half-life.

C)

Much of the drug remains active in the bloodstream and only a small percentage is bound in tissues.

D)

The drugs half-life will be relatively short due to the rapid elimination of the free, or unbound, percentage.

Answer 11

the drug remains bound to proteins but will slowly release the active component when necessary resulting in a long half lif

Question 12

The blood-brain barrier is a preventive barrier that prevents MOST ________ medications from reaching the brain.

A)

Barbiturate

B)

Water-soluble

C)

Lipid-soluble

D)

Non-ionized, unbound

Answer 12

water-soluble

Question 13

The process by which a medication passing through the liver may partially or completely inactivate many medications is known as:

A)

First-pass effect.

B)

Protein reservoir binding.

C)

Plasma binding effect.

D)

Prodrug effect.

Answer 13

first pass effect

Question 14

A medication’s half-life refers to the:

A)

Removal of a medication from the body.

B)

Dose required to be therapeutic.

C)

Time required for the total dose of a medication to be decreased by one-half.

D)

Concentration of a drug.

Answer 14

time required for the total dose of a medication to be decreased by one half

Question 15

________ is the length of time that a medication concentration is sufficient in the blood to produce a therapeutic response.

A)

Efficacy

B)

Affinity

C)

Half-life

D)

Duration of action

Answer 15

duration of action

Question 16

Which of the following is the MOST common way that medications exert their actions?

A)

Changing the physical properties of a cell.

B)

Receptor site binding.

C)

Altering the normal metabolic pathway.

D)

Chemically combining with another chemical.

Answer 16

receptor site binding

Question 17

A medication such as nalbuphine binds with a specific receptor site causing an expected effect, but blocks another medication from triggering the receptor. This is known as a/an:

A)

Antagonist.

B)

Agonist-antagonist.

C)

Agonist.

D)

Beta blocker.

Answer 17

agonist- antagonist

Question 18

________ is the relative amount of a medication required to produce a desired response.

A)

Antagonism

B)

Therapeutic threshold

C)

Efficacy

D)

Potency

Answer 18

potency

Question 19

If a drug exceeds its therapeutic index, the drug will:

A)

Be present in the minimal level and may not cause the desired response.

B)

Be toxic to the patient.

C)

Not have any effect on the patient.

D)

Cause the desired response.

Answer 19

be toxic to the patient

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding medication administration to the children and elderly?

A)

Doses need to be significantly higher in both populations to produce the desired effect due to decreased liver functions.

B)

Pediatric patients have well developed livers, while elderly patients suffer from decreased liver function.

C)

Both populations should be treated the same as all patients as the therapeutic index does not change.

D)

Liver and kidney functions in both populations are altered leaving both susceptible to altered medication responses.

Answer 20

liver and kidney functions in both populations are altered leaving both susceptible to altered medication responses