fluids and electrolytes Flashcards
Question 1
Fluids that are contained in our system are separated into various compartments. Which of the following accounts for the majority of our total body weight?
A)
Intracellular fluid
B)
Intravascular fluid
C)
Interstitial fluid
D)
Extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
The process by which the body attempts to maintain a stable, internal environment in order to maintain physiological activities and proper balance is known as ________.
A)
Hemodynamics
B)
Homeostasis
C)
Hemolysis
D)
Hemostasis
homeostasis
Question 3
Some chemicals that when placed in water take on an electrical charge are known as ________.
A)
Minerals
B)
Solutes
C)
Emulsions
D)
Electrolytes
electrolytes
Question 4
The primary extracellular cations in the body are:
A)
Sodium and calcium.
B)
Magnesium and potassium.
C)
Iron and sodium bicarbonate.
D)
Calcium and chloride.
sodium and calcium
Question 5
________ is primarily responsible for maintaining the balance of water in the body. and is regulated by the kidney.
A)
Sodium
B)
Calcium
C)
Phosphorus
D)
Potassium
sodium
Question 6
Which of the following is NOT a means by which substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients exchange across a semipermeable membrane?
A)
Active transport
B)
Diffusion
C)
Osmosis
D)
Facilitated diffusion
osmosis
When a fluid on one side of a cellular membrane contains a higher solute concentration than fluid on the other side, the fluid is said to be ________.
A)
Isotonic
B)
Electrolytic
C)
Hypotonic
D)
Hypertonic
hypertonic
Question 8
The two major components that make up the living tissue, blood, are:
A)
Platelets and erythrocytes.
B)
Plasma and electrolytes.
C)
Erythrocytes and leukocytes.
D)
Plasma and formed elements.
plasma and formed elements
Question 9
The ________ function of blood includes the delivery of substances such as hormones and electrolytes.
A)
Excretory
B)
Respiratory
C)
Regulatory
D)
Protective
regulatory
Question 10
________ are present on the surface of cells that identify the cell as either “self” or “foreign” and allow the body to attack and destroy non-self-invaders.
A)
Platelets
B)
Antibodies
C)
Antigens
D)
Erythrocytes
antigens
Question 11
A protein-containing fluid that has high molecular weight and does NOT readily diffuse across a cellular membrane is known as a:
A)
Crystalloid solution.
B)
Colloid.
C)
Lactated solution.
D)
Hypotonic solution.
colloid
Question 12
Which of the following statements regarding colloid statements is TRUE?
A)
Colloids exert osmotic pressures that draw fluids into the vascular space for volume replacement.
B)
Colloids readily diffuse into the extravascular space for fluid replacement.
C)
Colloids do not contain proteins or sugars; therefore, they do not make suitable solutions for volume replacement.
D)
Colloids are inexpensive, have and long shelf-life, and are widely used among most EMS communities.
colloids exert osmotic pressure that draw fluids into the vascular space for volume replacement
When compared to plasma, a crystalloid solution that contains a similar solute concentration as plasma is referred to as a/an:
A)
Isotonic solution.
B)
Hypertonic solution.
C)
Colloid solution.
D)
Hypotonic solution.
isotonic solution
You are assessing a patient whom you believe is bleeding internally and is in an early stage of shock. After placing the patient on oxygen and positioning the patient, which of the following solutions should you ask your partner to prepare for you as you attempt to initiate an intravenous line?
A)
0.45% normal saline
B)
0.9% normal saline
C)
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
D)
Crystalloids are contraindicated in the treatment of shock. Only whole blood or blood components are used in these situations.
0.9 normal saline
Question 15
Lactated Ringer’s solution (Hartmann’s solution) is indicated in which of the following conditions?
A)
Cardiogenic shock
B)
Pulmonary edema
C)
Hypovolemic shock
D)
Renal failure
hypovolemic shock
Question 16
You are treating a patient who is hypertensive and has crackles in the bases of her lungs. She prefers to remain sitting and is short of breath. After providing high-flow oxygen you determine the need to initiate an intravenous line in case you will need to administer medication, such as a diuretic. Which of the following fluid choices is MOST correct?
A)
0.9% NaCl at 100 cc/hour
B)
Lactated Ringer’s solution at a wide-open rate
C)
Dextrose 5% in water at a TKO rate
D)
Dextran
dextrose 5% in water at a TKO rate
Question 17
Which of the following catheters should be used when initiating an intravenous line on an adult patient who may need large amounts of fluid?
A)
24-gauge
B)
16-gauge
C)
A butterfly-type catheter
D)
22-gauge
16 gauge
Question 18
An administration set suitable for administering large amounts of fluid to patients suffering from fluid loss would be a:
A)
Buretrol or volutrol set.
B)
Microdrip infusion set.
C)
Macrodrip infusion set.
D)
Piggy-back medication infusion set.
macrodrip infusion set
Question 19
In cardiac arrest or traumatic arrest, the MOST suitable vein is for intravenous access is:
A)
External jugular.
B)
Dorsal hand.
C)
Leg veins.
D)
Antecubital vein.
antecubital vein
Question 20
You are administering blood to a patient during transport from one facility to another. The patient suddenly complains of chest pain, back pain, tachycardia, hypotension, dizziness, and fever. The patient is MOST likely experiencing ________.
A)
A myocardial infarction
B)
Side effects of the transfusion
C)
Transfusion reaction
D)
Hypovolemia
transfusion reaction
