Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis Flashcards
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a foreign substance is BEST described by the term ________.
A)
Synergism
B)
Potentiation
C)
Allergic reaction
D)
Anaphylaxis
allergic reaction
The MOST common trigger of severe allergic reactions, other than injected penicillin, in the United States is:
A)
Snake bites.
B)
Jellyfish sting.
C)
Hymenoptera stings.
D)
Food poisoning.
hymenoptera stings
Sensitization can BEST be defined as:
A)
An unexpected and exaggerated response to a particular antigen.
B)
The most severe allergic reaction
C)
An initial exposure of an individual to an allergen.
D)
Anaphylaxis.
an initial exposure of an individual to an antigen
The type of hypersensitivity reaction that MOST often results in skin rash and is often due to exposure to certain drugs or chemicals is called a/an:
A)
Anaphylaxis.
B)
Delayed hypersensitivity.
C)
Immediate hypersensitivity.
D)
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity.
delayed hypersensitivity
Hay fever, drug allergies, food allergies, and eczema are all types of:
A)
Anaphylactic reactions.
B)
Delayed hypersensitivity.
C)
Angioneurotic edema.
D)
Immediate hypersensitivity.
immediate hypersensitivity
The principal mediator of an allergic reaction is ________.
A)
Hymenoptera
B)
Delayed hypersensitivity
C)
Histamine
D)
Injected penicillin
Histamine
When the IgE antibodies bind with the membranes of basophils and mast cells, these cells ________ causing the release of histamine and other substances.
A)
Mature
B)
Degranulate
C)
Sensitize
D)
Apoptosize
Degranulate
When released, histamine causes all of the following EXCEPT:
A)
Increased intestinal motility.
B)
Increased vascular permeability.
C)
Vasodilation.
D)
Bronchodilation.
bronchodilation
A substance that is released by basophils and MAST cells that potentiates the effects of histamine causing spasm of the bronchioles is called:
A)
Angioneurotic edema.
B)
Delayed hypersensitivity.
C)
Hymenoptera.
D)
Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis.
slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis
Initial treatment of mild to moderate allergic reactions in the field involves the administration of ________.
A)
Vasodilators
B)
Parasympathomimetics
C)
Sympathomimetics
D)
Cholinergics
sympathiometics
In cases of severe anaphylaxis involving hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction, the paramedic should consider the administration of ________ as initial therapy.
A)
Corticosteroids
B)
Epinephrine 1:10,000 intravenously
C)
Diphenhydramine intravenously
D)
Epinephrine 1:1000 intramuscularly
Epi 1:10,000 IV
Following the administration of epinephrine during an allergic reaction, which of the following would you NOT expect to observe from your patient?
A)
Hypotension
B)
Palpitations
C)
Tachycardia
D)
Anxiety
hypotension
You are treating a patient suffering from severe anaphylaxis. Which of the following dosages of epinephrine would you be likely to administer?
A)
Epinephrine 1:10,000, 0.3-0.5 mg IV
B)
Epinephrine 1:1000, 0.3-0.5 mg IV
C)
Epinephrine 1:1000, 0.3-0.5 mg IM
D)
Epinephrine 1:10,000, 0.05-0.1 mg IV
Epi 1: 10,000, 0.05-0.01 mg IV
________ is the antihistamine MOST commonly used in the treatment of allergic reactions in the prehospital realm.
A)
Hydroxyzine
B)
Diphenhydramine
C)
Promethazine
D)
Cimetidine
diphenhydramine
The dosage of Benadryl when used to treat allergic reactions is:
A)
25-50 mg IV/IM.
B)
2.5-5.0 mg IV/IM.
C)
50-100 mcg IV/IM.
D)
0.5-1.0 mg IV.
25- 50 mg IV/IM
