Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What is Pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

Question 2

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 2

What the drug does to the body, this can be classified in 3 ways

Desired effects
Side effects
Adverse effects

Question 3

What are receptors?

Answer 3

Sensing elements in a system of chemical communication that coordinates the function of all the different cells in the body

Question 4

What are ligands?

Answer 4

Hormones, transmitters and other mediators, including drugs which are the chemical messengers that bind to receptors

Question 5

Explain MOA

Answer 5

Mode (or Mechanism)of action (MOA) is how the drug works and involves the concepts of :
Agonism - drugs that bind to their targets and activate them to produce a response. Can be full or partial
Antagonism - drugs that bind to their targets without causing activation or response but they can block the receptor to its endogenous activator. Reversible and irreversible
Endogenous = produced in the body
Exogenous = not produced in the body

Question 6

Name the 4 sites of action

Answer 6

Classical receptor
Ion channel interaction
Enzyme interaction
Transport system interaction

Question 7

Name the 4 Classical receptor interactions

Answer 7

Ligand gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors)
Guanine nucleotide binding (G-protein) receptors
Kinase linked receptors
Nuclear receptors

Question 8

Name 3 types of drug Ion Channel Interaction (Modulators)

Answer 8

Local Anaesthetics block sodium channels

Nifedipine modulates calcium channels

Benzodiazepines bind to a receptor associated with the GABA receptor and thus the chloride channels open wider

Question 9

Name 2 types of Enzyme Interaction drugs

Answer 9

Cyclo-oxygenase enzymes

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Enzymes are biological catalysts

Question 10

Name a type of transport system interaction drug

Answer 10

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors