Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
1
Q
Name 2 types of ADRs
A
Type A - can be predicted from drug pharmacology
Type B – usually caused by immunological or pharmacogenetic mechanisms
2
Q
Where can ADRs effect
A
Skin Respiratory system Cardiovascular system Gastrointestinal tract Bone marrow Nervous system Liver Kidney
3
Q
What is a black triangle?
A
The black triangle denotes that a medicine is on a list of medicines subject to additional monitoring. The black triangle is a mechanism to strengthen monitoring and to actively encourage patients and HCPs to report any possible adverse reactions observed with these medicines.
4
Q
How long does a black triangle remain on a drug?
A
Normally a minimum of 5 years.
5
Q
How can you reduce ADRs?
A
Only use a drug when there is a good indication Only use when imperative in pregnancy Allergy – ask Other medications ask? Age – liver or kidney disease Prescribe as few drugs as possible and warn of possible ADRs Give clear instructions Use familiar drug if possible
6
Q
Factors of variability in ADRs
A
Children/neonates Elderly Co-existing disease Gender Ethnic diversity Pharmacogenetics Pregnancy Breastfeeding
7
Q
ADR risk factors in the Elderly
A
Decreased drug metabolism and excretion Altered sensitivity of some target organs Multiple pathologies Drugs with narrow therapeutic index Poor compliance Polypharmacy
