Pharmaceuticals Flashcards
3 acts associated with the use of pharmaceuticals
Medicines act 1968
The poisons act 1972
The misuse of drugs act 1971 - deals with the control and treatment of addicts
What are the different drug formulations
Pills
Tablet
Capsules
Oral liquid
Sublingual
Adrenaline
Maintains coronary and cerebral circulation
Increases cardiac output (strength, rate and rhythm)
Used in anaphylaxis (1 in 1000)
Acts as a bronchodilator
Hydrocortisone
Anti-inflammatory
Prevent further deterioration
Used in anaphylaxis
Salbutamol
Relaxes smooth muscle
Used as a bronchial dialator
What is Bioavailability
Fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation after a particular rout of administration.
What is the bioavailability of a drug affected by?
1st pass metabolism
Solubility
Instability
Other ways if delivering drugs into the body
Suppository Sublingual Intravenously Transdermal Intramuscular Inhalation
How do drugs leave the body
Through the kidneys filtering blood
Through the Billary system into the GI tract
Also through: Saliva Tears Breast milk Breath Sweat
Difference between an agonist and antagonist
Agonist - drug that occupies and activates a receptor response
Antagonist - a drug that occupies a receptor space but does not activate a response
What is the difference between a side affect and an adverse effect
Side affect - Predictable action (can be good or bad)
Adverse affect - An unwanted effect
Atropine
Increases heartrate
Acts as a bronchodilator
Dilates the pupils
Lignocaine
Used as local anaesthetic
Short acting and half-life
Buscopan
Blocks action of acetylcholine
Side affects: Cramps Confusion Tachycardia Constipation Blocks urinary bladder
Contraindications
Glaucoma
