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cnpr > Pharmaceutical Terminology - O,P > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Terminology - O,P Flashcards

1
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder.

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2
Q

Off-label Drug Use

A

Use of a drug for a purpose in dosage form, dosage regimen, population, or other parameter other than those approved by the FDA as stated on the product label.

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3
Q

OH

A

Orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure upon standing up).

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4
Q

OIG

A

Office of the Inspector General - The group within a US regulatory agency responsible for ensuring the integrity of the programs administered by the agency.

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5
Q

Oligonucleotide

A

Molecule containing up to 20 nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds.

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6
Q

Oncology

A

Study and treatment of cancer.

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7
Q

Online Adjudication

A

Electronic validation of a drug benefit claim at the location where a prescription is dispensed.

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8
Q

Onset of Action

A

Time period between the administration of a medication and its therapeutic effect.

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9
Q

Open Formulary

A

The provision of reimbursement for drugs that are not on an MCO or PBM formulary.

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10
Q

OQ

A

Operational qualification.

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11
Q

Orphan Drugs

A

Drugs for rare diseases and conditions affective fewer than 200,000 people, or a drug that is to be administered to fewer than 200,000 US patients in any given year.

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12
Q

OTC

A

Over the counter (non-prescription).

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13
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear.

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14
Q

Outpatient

A

Someone receiving medical or surgical care that does not require an overnight stay in the treatment facility.

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15
Q

P.C.

A

When referring to medication dosage, means “after meals”.

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16
Q

P.R.N.

A

When referring to medication dosage, means “as needed”.

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17
Q

Package Insert

A

The FDA-approved information about a medication.

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18
Q

PAI

A

Pre-approval Inspection - An inspection by the FDA of the manufacturing site to verify data submitted in support of an NDA or ANDA and assess the compliance with current good manufacturing practices.

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19
Q

Pandemic

A

A worldwide epidemic.

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20
Q

PAR

A

Post Approval Reseach - Phase 4 studies conducted on a drug after it has won FDA marketing approval for the indication being studied.

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21
Q

Parenteral Drug

A

A drug designed to bypass the gastrointestinal tract.

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22
Q

Parenteral

A

Injection

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23
Q

Pathogen

A

“Disease producer”.

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24
Q

Pathogenesis

A

The mechanism and cellular events leading to the development of a disease.

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25
Q

Pathology

A

The practice of medicine dealing with the causes and nature of disease and/or death.

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26
Q

Patient Advocacy Groups

A

Interest groups for certain diseases or consumer segments that lobby for healthcare reform.

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27
Q

PCPs

A

Primary Care Physicians - Physicians whom patients see for routine checkups and general healthcare needs, in contrast to specialists.

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28
Q

PD

A

Pharmacodynamics

29
Q

PDUFA

A

Prescription Drug User Fee Act

30
Q

Peak Drug Concentration

A

After one dose, the maximum concentration of a medication in the blood.

31
Q

Peptide

A

A molecule containing a number of amino acids linked together.

32
Q

Percutaneous

A

Defined as “through the skin”.

33
Q

Peroxidase

A

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of substances in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

34
Q

PH

A

The negative logarithm of H30+ ion concentration.

35
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The engulfment of a particle or microorganism by leukocytes.

36
Q

PhRMA

A

Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America - The main lobbying group for drug makers in the US.

37
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of a medication’s mechanism of action and the effects of the medication on the body.

38
Q

Pharmacogenomics

A

Study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs.

39
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of how the effects on a medication as it goes through the body. Includes absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism.

40
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the effects, both beneficial and toxic, of drugs and chemicals on living cells, tissues, and organisms.

41
Q

PharmD

A

Doctor of Pharmacy degree, the advance degree for pharmacists.

42
Q

PK

A

Pharmacokinetics

43
Q

PLA

A

Product License Application

44
Q

Placebo Effect

A

The responses seen in patients taking placebo in clinical research studies.

45
Q

Placebo

A

The inactive control used in clinical research studies. May also be called the “sugar pill”.

46
Q

Plasma Protein

A

Protein found in the blood plasma.

47
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid portion of the blood.

48
Q

Plasmid

A

A cytoplasmic DNA that is capable of autonomous replication.

49
Q

Polypeptide

A

A molecule consisting of many joined amino acids, but not as complex as a protein.

50
Q

Potency

A

A descriptive term which is relative to the amount of medication required to achieve an effect.

51
Q

Potentiation

A

A situation where adding medications together achieves a better clinical effect than the sum of their effects individually.

52
Q

Preclinical Studies

A

Studies in which a drug is tested in vitro and on animals.

53
Q

Preferred Drug

A

Favorable formulary status that health plans usually accord to drugs for which they have negotiated a rebate contract.

54
Q

Prescribers

A

Physicians and other medical professionals who have the legal authority to write prescription drugs.

55
Q

Prescribing Information

A

The FDA-approved information about a medication.

56
Q

Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 (PDMA)

A

US law enacted to reduce the risk of prescription drugs that are counterfeit, adulterated, or expired being sold to the American public.

57
Q

Primary Care

A

In health systems that use primary care physicians.

58
Q

Private Insurer

A

A non-government entity that provides all health insurance benefits, commercial insurers, and managed care plans.

59
Q

Private Label

A

A “house brand” OTC drug that usually sells for less than the equivalent national brand.

60
Q

Prognostic

A

A test which provides predictive information as to the future course and outcome of a disease.

61
Q

Prophylactic

A

An agent that is used to prevent the development of a disease or condition.

62
Q

Prostaglandins

A

A protein that has many functions, including mediation of the inflammatory process.

63
Q

Protease

A

An enzyme that acts on proteins.

64
Q

Protein

A

A class of fairly common molecules in the human body that includes antibodies, hormones, and enzymes.

65
Q

Proteomics

A

The study of protein expression of normal and diseased cells and tissues.

66
Q

PSVT

A

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachacardia

67
Q

PUD

A

Peptic ulcer disease

68
Q

Pyrogen

A

A substance or agent that causes fever.

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