Pharmaceutical Management of the Diabetic Patient Flashcards
What is diabetes characterized by?
elevation in blood glucose and metabolic perturbation caused by absolute insulin deficiency
Which type of diabetes is insulin dependent?
DM I
Treatment options for DM I? (2)
- Insulin
- Adjunctive therapies
Function of insulin?
stimulates peripheral glucose and uptake and inhibits hepatic glucose production
Which type of diabetes is DM II?
non-insulin dependent
Treatment options for DM II? (3)
- Exogenous insulin
- anti-diabetic drugs
- adjunctive therapies
Exogenous insulin
subcutaneous injection using rotating sites and checking blood sugars regularly
What is a complication of diabetes treatment?
hypoglycemia
Symptoms of hypoglycemia?
anxiety, blurred vision, palpitations, shakiness, slurred speech, sweating
Treatment for hypoglycemia? (2)
(1) glucose/simple sugars: 3-4 glucose tablets, 1/2 can of soda (NOT diet)
(2) glucagon injection: 1 mg IM, IV, SQ - may repeat in 20 minutes if needed
Mechanism of action for Thiazolidinediones?
binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in muscle, fat, and liver to decrease insulin resistance –> decreases plasma insulin
Is there a risk for hypoglycemia from taking Thiazolidinediones?
NO
Thiazolidinediones are effective in what kind of patient?
highly insulin-resistant patients
Side effects of Thiazolidinediones?
weight gain and edema
Mechanism of action for meformin?
decreases endogenous hepatic production of glucose –> decreases plasma insulin
