Pharma of the Eye

Question 0

Epinephrine

Answer 0

Circulating Increases aqueous humor production by acting on Beta 1 adrenoceptor on ciliary body

Treatment of Open Angle Glaucoma: alpha adrenoceptor stimulation (alpha 2) on ciliary body or alpha 1 on ciliary vessels reduces aqeuous humor production

Question 1

Dipivefrin

Answer 1

Mixed alpha, beta agonist

Treatment of: OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
- alpha adrenoceptor Agonist: stimulate alpha 2 receptors on CILIARY BODY and alpha 1 receptors on CILIARY VESSELS

PRODRUG metabolized to EPINEPHRINE

Question 2

Apraclonidine

Answer 2

Alpha 2 selective agonist

Works by binding alpha 2 receptors on ciliary body to decrease aqeuous humor production

Treats for Open Angle Glaucoma

Question 3

Betaxolol

Answer 3

Beta adrenoceptor antagonist

Beta 1 selective

Blocks Beta 1 on ciliary body to reduce aqueous humor production

Treatment of OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Question 4

Carteolol, Levobunolol, metipranolol, BETAXOLOL

Answer 4

Beta non-selective antagonists

Blocks beta 1 receptors on ciliary body

Question 5

Carbachol, Pilocarpine

Answer 5

Cholinergic Agonist

Used to increase aqueous humor drainage

Miotics, STIMULATES M3 receptors on iris and ciliary body

May improve UVEOSCLERAL OUTFLOW
Topical treatment which tightens the iris temporarily

Question 6

Atropine

Answer 6

Cholinergic Antagonist

May elicit acute Glaucoma
- Muscarinic receptor antagonist that blocks accomodation reflex (cycloplegia)

Melanin may bind this drug and sequester it leading to prolonged effect

Elicits Mydriasis

Question 7

Cyclopentolate

Answer 7

Muscarinic Antagonist

Used to Elicit Mydriasis

Duration of effect: 1 day

Question 8

Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Dorzolamide

Answer 8

Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor

Used in treatment of OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Reduces HCO3 production and reduces Aqueous Humor Production

Question 9

Botulism Toxin A

Answer 9

Used to treat neuromuscular problems affecting extraocular muscles:
- Squint and blepharospasm (eyelid spasm)