Local Anesthesia Flashcards
benzocaine
Ester
Topical Ester local anesthetic
Topical Spray
Lozenges
Teething/toothache preparation
Causes METHEMAGLOBINEMIA (abnormal amount of methemoglobin)
cocaine
Ester
Topical ester local anesthetic
Vasoconstrictor
Toxicity:
- Myocardial Ischemia
- Myocardial Infarction
- Arrthymias
- Seizures
- Hypertension
procaine
Ester
Duration of infiltration: 30-45 min
Low Potency
- Potency=lipid solubility
- 100 hydrophobicity (spinal anesthesia 100mg)
pKa: 8.9
tetracaine
Ester
Duration after Infiltration: 60-180 min
High Potency: 8 Conduction
- 5822 hydrophobicity
pKa: 8.5
bupivacaine
Amide
Duration after Infiltration: 240-480
High Potency: 8
Hydrophobicity: 3,420
pKa: 8.1
lidocaine
Amide
Duration of Action: 60-120
Metabolized in Liver
Intermediate Potency: 2
- Hydrophobicity: 366
Can be used topically
Infiltration Anesthesia: 1% lidocaine administerd intra- and sub-cutaneously
Used for starting IVs and minor surgery
Calculation: A 1% solution of lidocaine contains
1g/100ml= 1000mg/100ml=
10mg/ml
mepivacaine
Amide
Duration after Infiltration: 90-180 min
Intermediate Potency: 1.5
Hydrophobicity: 130
pKa: 7.6
Highest available amount of non ionized
prilocaine
Amide
Duration after Filtration: 60-120
pKa: 7.9
ropivacaine
Amide
Duration of Action: 180-360
S-Isomer of Racemic Mixture for Ropivicaine
= Less toxic than bupivacaine but similar potency
