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Pharma Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is a vehicle (topical therapies)

A

A substance without therapeutic action that is combined with a drug to aid administration

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2
Q

Examples of vehicles (topical therapy)

A

Cream
Ointment
Gel
Lotion
Paste

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3
Q

Cream definition

A

A semisolid émulsion of oil and water

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4
Q

Pros of creams

A
  • moisturising
  • cooling
  • contain emulsifier + preservatives
  • non greasy
  • easy to apply
  • cosmetically acceptable
  • high water content
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5
Q

What are ointments

A

A semisolid of grease/oil

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6
Q

Features of ointments

A
  • don’t contain preservatives
  • occlusive/restrict transepidermal water loss
  • greasy (less cosmetically acceptable)
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7
Q

What are gels

A

Thickened aqueous lotion
Semi solids containing high molecular weight polymers (eg. Methyl cellulose)

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8
Q

Features of gels

A
  • liquify when they touch the skin leaving a thin layer of the drug
  • cosmetically acceptable
  • useful for areas with lots of hair (eg. Scalp and face)
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9
Q

What are lotions

A

Suspensions or solutions of a drug in water, alcohol or another liquid

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10
Q

Features of lotions

A
  • useful for areas with lots of hair (eg. Scalp and face)
  • may sting and/or dry skin if containing alcohol
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11
Q

What are pastes

A

A semisolid containing finely powdered material (eg. Zinc)

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12
Q

Features of pastes

A
  • protective, occlusive and hydrating
  • often used for skin conditions needing soothing, cooking and or drying
    -greasy
  • stiff and difficult to apply
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13
Q

ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
- Used to treat?
- What form they come in
- What about extensive/aggressive problems

A
  • Herpes simplex/ Zoster viruses
  • cream (for face) or ointment (for genital lesions)
  • oral antivirals may be needed (eg shingles)
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14
Q

ANTISEPTICS
- What group of substances do they belong to?
- What are they used for

A
  • biocides
  • infection control - to prevent antimicrobials from entering skin through wounds and/microabrasions(eg.surgery)
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15
Q

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGALS
- used for?
- what is used in extreme cases (eg. Immunosuppresseurs or extensive infection)
- which drugs are better for Yeats and which for dermatophytes

A
  • fungal infections
  • oral anti-fungal agents
  • yeasts = imidazoles, dermatophytes = terbinafine
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16
Q

TOPICAL ANTI-PRURITICS
- What used for?

A

Conditions that are acutely or chronically itchy

17
Q

KERATINOLYTICS
- what used for
- side effects
- example

A
  • to soften keratin + aid exfoliation of cells in epidermis of skin
  • skin irritation + burning
  • salicylic acid
18
Q

KERATINOLYTICS
- examples of conditions they are used to treat

A
  • warts/verrucas
  • psoriasis (esp. of scalp and feet)
  • hyperkeratotic skin conditions
  • others
19
Q

VITAMIN D ANALOGUES
- what used for?
- what type of drugs are they!

A
  • chronic plaque psoriasis
  • topical drugs that are immune-modulating drugs
20
Q

VITAMIN D ANALOGUES
- pros
- cons

A

Pros
- easy to apply
- clean + no smell
- no long term side effects like seen with topical steroids

Cons:
- can be irritant
- only 100g a week (could effect calcium metabolism)

21
Q

COAL TAR
- used for
- description/appearance

A
  • chronic plaque psoriasis, severe dermatitis
  • thick, viscous topical agent
22
Q

COAL TAR
- Pros
- cons

A

Pros
- cheap
- limited systemic side effects

Cons
- messy + smelly (thick preparations use only on on-patients)
- can stain hair (pic used on scalp
- can be irritant

23
Q

TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS M.O.A

A

bactericidal or bacteriostatic

24
Q

TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS

Finger tip application guide - 1 fingertip
-how many grams
- what is treated

A

1/2g

Enough to treat 2 adult palms of hands

25
Q

TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS

Finger tip application guide - 4 fingertips
-how many grams
- what is treated

A
  • 2g
  • one adult arm/hand
26
Q

TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS

Finger tip application guide - 8 fingertips
-how many grams
- what is treated

A
  • 4g
  • one adult leg + foot
27
Q

TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS

Finger tip application guide -
-how many grams to treat whole body

A

20-30g

28
Q

TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS

Conditions used for

A
  • dermatitis/eczema
  • psoriasis
  • non-infective inflam dermatoses (eg.lichen planus, blistering disorders)
  • keloid scars (usually as intralesional SC injection)
29
Q

TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS

Side effects

A
  • Skin atrophy/thinning
  • fixed telangiectasia
  • purpura
30
Q

What is phototherapy involve

A

Exposure of the skin to UV light for strictly prescribed periods of time.

31
Q

What is phototherapy involve

A

Exposure of the skin to UV light for strictly prescribed periods of time.

32
Q

Goal of phototherapy

A

To reduce inflammatory response within skin

Derm (8 decks)

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