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Derm > NNutrition > Flashcards

NNutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between food allergy and food intolerance

A
  • Allergy = symptoms caused by immune reaction, usually IgE mediated
  • Intolerance - non-immune reaction
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2
Q

Signs + symptoms of food allergy

A
  • Pruritus
  • Erythema
  • Acute angioedema
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Abdo pain
  • Diarrhoea
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3
Q

Investigation done for child with recurrent severe reactions to food

A

Serum specific IgE

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4
Q

Direct skin manifestations of obesity

A

-hirsuitsm
- acne
- striae distensae (stretch marks)
- skin tags
- androgenetic alopecia (balding)
- hidradenitis suppurativa
- acanthosis nigricans

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5
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans

A
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6
Q

nutritirtion- 2b

A
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7
Q

nutritirtion- 2c

A
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8
Q

Nutrition - 3

A
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9
Q

Impact of obesity on skin glands

A

Sebaceous- increased androgens production in peripheral fat which stimulate these glands
Apocrine + eccrine glands - there’s increased activity in enlarged skin folds which increases moisture/skin maceration and friction in folds increases irritation

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10
Q

Impact of obesity on skin barrier function

A

Increased trans-epidermal water loss therefore skin tends to be dry

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11
Q

Impact of obesity on collagen structure and function and wound healing

A

Decreased mechanical strength of skin due to failure of collagen deposition to match increased SA

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12
Q

Impact of obesity on subcutaneous fat

A

Adipose tissue’s endocrine roles may be altered as there’s an increase in hormone production (eg testosterone )

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13
Q

Impact of obesity on lymphatics

A

Lymphatic flow is impeded due to pressure from fat. Protein-rich lymphatic fluid leaks into subcutaneous tissues

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14
Q

Impact of obesity on circulation

A

Micro vascular dysfunction => increased blood flow to skin => hypertension

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15
Q

Skin diseases aggravated by obesity

A
  1. Lymphoedema
  2. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
  3. Skin Infections
  4. Intertigo
  5. Psoriasis
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16
Q

Explain obesity’s link to lymphoedema

pathophysiology

A
  1. Increased subcutaneous fat causes reduced lymphatic drainage => swelling
  2. Gradually worsening swelling causes chronic inflammation => fibrosis
  3. Decreased tissue oxygenation + swelling => bacterial overgrowth
  4. Cellulitis develops easily + causes further lymphatic damage
  5. If untreated, skin becomes thick + warty and lower leg + foot become permanently enlarged
17
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency link to obesity

A
  1. Abdominal obesity resists venous return from leg
  2. Veins dilate + valves become incompetent, varicose veins develop
  3. Hydrostatic pressure in vessels increases causing rbc leakage into tissue => swelling, haemosiderin pigmentation + inflammation
  4. Chronic scarring
  5. Skin may ulcerate - venous ulceration
18
Q

Why are obese people more at risk for skin infections

A

Increased tendency for bacterial, fungal + yeast infections

19
Q

where are skin infections commonly seen in obese people

A

skin folds + areas where circulation is affected (Eg. legs)

20
Q

explain intertigo association with obesity

A
  • Macerated red plaques develop in skin folds due to high moisture levels, friction, increased pH and reduced barrier function
21
Q

explain psoriasis link with obesity

A

Unclear link

Flexural psoriasis = aggravated by obesity

22
Q

Where are skin tags frequently seen

A

axillae + neck

23
Q

What is hidradenitis suppurativa

A

A chronic inflam disease where boils + abscesses form + scar in apocrine gland areas

24
Q

Where is hidradenitis suppurativa commonly seen

A

axillae + groin

25
Q

What are stretch marks

A

Scarring associated w dermal connective tissue injury in response to local stretching forces (Eg. rapid weight gain in pregnancy + obesity)

26
Q

What are acanthosis nigricans + skin tags associated with

A

Insulin resistance (higher circulating insulin levels due to reduced peripheral sensitivity)

27
Q

What are hirsuitism, acne, hidradenitis suppartiva and androgenetic alopecia associated with

A

Hyper-adrogenism

28
Q

Vitamin D
- water soluble or fat soluble?
- what’s it needed for

A
  • fat soluble
  • calcium + phosphorus metabolism
29
Q

Vitamin D
- role in calcium metabolism

A
  • ^ ca flow I’m bloodstream by promoting the absorption of ca + phosphorus from food in the intestines + reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys which allows normal mineralisation of bone
30
Q

Vitamin D2
- name
- made from

A
  • ergicalciferol or calciferol
  • inactive provitamin ergosterol in plants by action of sunlight
31
Q

Vitamin d3
- name
- where found
- where made

A
  • cholecalciferol/ colecalciferol
  • oily fish, eggs, meat + food fortified w vitamin d
  • skin by action of UVB on 7-dehydrocholesterol (cholesterol derived compound)
32
Q

Biologically active hormonal form of Vitamin d
- name
- purpose
- where made

A
  • calcitrol (1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol)
  • to form/maintain healthy strong bones
  • it’s converted from cholecalciferol (vit d3) in the liver + kidney
33
Q

Result of vitamin d deficiency + quick explanation
- children
- adults

A
  • in chicken - rickets (softening + weakening of bones due to loss of ca + phosphorus)
  • In adults - osteomalacia (muscular weakness, bone pain + fractures. Initial symptoms = weakness + bone pain)
34
Q

Rickets diagnosis

A

Measure serum vitamin d

Derm (8 decks)

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