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Derm > glossary of terms > Flashcards

glossary of terms Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is an abscess

A

an encapsulated collection of pus

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2
Q

annular

A

shape of a ring

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3
Q

apocrine gland

A

Sweat gland
Most commonly located in areas like groin + axilla
Associated with hair follicles

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4
Q

Appendage

A

Structures associated with skin that serve a particular purpose (Eg. glands + hair)

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5
Q

Adipose

A

Fatty tissue

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6
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss (associated with many different causes + severities)

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7
Q

Atopy

A

Allergic hypersensitivity - related to inappropriate overproduction of IgE

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8
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting or thinning of skin

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9
Q

Basement membrane

A

Thin layer of extracellular tissue separating the epidermis + dermis

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10
Q

Benign

A

Non-Malignant - won’t cause harm

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11
Q

Biopsy

A

surgical removal of a piece of tissue for histopathological examination

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12
Q

Blaschko’s lines

A

Lines of embryonic cell migration/normal cell development that aren’t visible under normal conditions

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13
Q

Bulla

A

Large blister >0.5cm in diameter containing serous fluid

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14
Q

Carbuncle

A

Cluster of several boils that are connected to each other under the skin

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15
Q

Collagen

A

Structural protein found in skin + various connective tissues of body

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16
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Process of freezing a lesion with liquid nitrogen spray

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17
Q

Cyst

A

pus-filled lesion with a sac separating it from the surrounding tissue

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18
Q

Dermatome

A

distinct area of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve

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19
Q

Dermis

A

Layer of skin in between epidermis + subcutaneous tissue. split into papillary and reticular dermis

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20
Q

Desquamation

A

Peeling of the skin

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21
Q

Discoid

A

Disc shaped

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22
Q

Distribution

A

areas of the body that are affected by a disease (Eg. rash)

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23
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of hand or top of foot

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24
Q

Dystrophy

A

Degeneration of normal tissue

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25
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise

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26
Q

Epidermis

A

Uppermost layer of skin, situated above the basement membrane

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27
Q

Erythema

A

Reddening of the skin

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28
Q

Excoriation

A

Damage to skin caused by scratching or picking

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29
Q

Fissure

A

Crack or split in skin

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30
Q

Flare

A

Sudden aggravation or deterioration of a condition

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31
Q

Flexures

A

Skin of inner elbows and/or back of knees

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32
Q

Fungating

A

Skin lesion that behaves like a fungus in growth rate + appearance.
Characterised by ulcerations, necrosis and foul odour

33
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Newly formed connective tissue and capillaries on the surface of a healing wound

34
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive growth of body hair in a male distribution

35
Q

Hyperhydrosis

A

Excess sweat production

36
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Darkening of skin

37
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Excessive hair growth

38
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Thickening of skin

39
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

Whitening/lightening of skin

40
Q

Idiopathic

A

Of unknown aetiology

41
Q

Indurated

A

Tissue that’s become hardened/firm

42
Q

Keloid

A

A raised scar caused by hyper proliferation of scar tissue beyond the wound boundary

43
Q

Koebner phenomenon / Isomorphic response

A

The development of newly formed skin lesions in areas where there is skin injury

44
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened, leathery transformation of skin caused by excessive scratching or rubbing

45
Q

Maceration

A

The softening/breakdown of skin caused by prolonged exposure to dampness/moisture.

46
Q

Macule

A

A well circumscribed flat patch that is different in colour to the surrounding skin. Up to 1cm in diameter.

47
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

48
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment produced by melanocyte cells
Gives colour to human skin, hair and eyes

49
Q

Morphology

A

The description of a skin lesion/rash

50
Q

Necrosis

A

Tissue death

51
Q

Nodule

A

A raised lesion >0.5cm in diameter

52
Q

Papule

A

Raised lesion <0.5cm in diameter

53
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Numbness/tingling of skin
Often described as pins and needles

54
Q

Pedunculated

A

A skin lesion with a stalk

55
Q

Photodermatosis

A

A dermatological condition triggered by light exposure

56
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

57
Q

Pruritus

A

Itch

58
Q

Pustule

A

Lesion filled with pus

59
Q

Recalcitrant

A

Resistant to treatment

60
Q

Scale

A

Thin, dry flakes of skin from the epidermis

61
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Skin gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin + hair

62
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Beneath the skin

63
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Chronic dilation of the small blood vessels within the skin

64
Q

Ulceration

A

Loss of epidermis and part of dermis/ development of an ulcer

65
Q

Onycholysis

A

Separation of nail plate from bed

66
Q

Pitting

A

Small depressions of nail plate

67
Q

Purpura

A

Extravasation of blood, will not Blanche, may be raised

68
Q

Petechia

A

1-2mm area of flat purpura

69
Q

Patch

A

Localised flat coloured rash >1cm

70
Q

Plaque

A

Raised edged lesion w flatter surface >1cm

71
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid filled blister <0.5cm

72
Q

Scale

A

Accumulated Fragments of keratin layer

73
Q

Crust

A

Dried exudate (eg, serum)

74
Q

Erosion

A

Superficial break in epidermis

75
Q

Ulcer

A

Deeper break into dermis

76
Q

HAIR TYPES

Langugo

A

Fine long hairs that cover the foetus, shed about 1 month before birth

can re-occur in anorexia

77
Q

HAIR TYPES

Vellus

A

Fine, Short hair covering much of body surfaces. Replaces lanugo hairs before birth

78
Q

HAIR TYPES

Terminal

A

Long, Coarse hairs (eg. scalp & pubic area)
Growth influenced by androgen levels

Derm (8 decks)

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